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Potassium dichromate, K 2 Cr 2 O 7, is a common inorganic chemical reagent, most commonly used as an oxidizing agent in various laboratory and industrial applications. As with all hexavalent chromium compounds, it is acutely and chronically harmful to health.
Alcohol oxidation is a collection of oxidation reactions in organic chemistry that convert alcohols to aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, and esters. The reaction mainly applies to primary and secondary alcohols. Secondary alcohols form ketones, while primary alcohols form aldehydes or carboxylic acids. [1] A variety of oxidants can be used.
For oxidations to the aldehydes and ketones, two equivalents of chromic acid oxidize three equivalents of the alcohol: 2 HCrO 4 − + 3 RR'C(OH)H + 8 H + + 4 H 2 O → 2 [Cr(H 2 O) 6] 3+ + 3 RR'CO. For oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids, 4 equivalents of chromic acid oxidize 3 equivalents of the alcohol. The aldehyde is an ...
The primary alcohols have general formulas RCH 2 OH. The simplest primary alcohol is methanol (CH 3 OH), for which R = H, and the next is ethanol, for which R = CH 3, the methyl group. Secondary alcohols are those of the form RR'CHOH, the simplest of which is 2-propanol (R = R' = CH 3). For the tertiary alcohols, the general form is RR'R"COH.
A primary alcohol is an alcohol in which the hydroxy group is bonded to a primary carbon atom. It can also be defined as a molecule containing a “–CH 2 OH” group. [ 1 ] In contrast, a secondary alcohol has a formula “–CHROH” and a tertiary alcohol has a formula “–CR 2 OH”, where “R” indicates a carbon-containing group.
Fétizon's reagent is used primarily in the oxidation of primary or secondary alcohols to aldehydes or ketones with a slight selectivity toward secondary alcohols [8] and unsaturated alcohols. [1] The reaction is typically done in a refluxing dry non-polar organic solvent with copious stirring. The reaction time varies with the structure of the ...
The Collins oxidation is an organic reaction for the oxidation of primary alcohols to aldehydes. It is distinguished from other chromium oxide-based oxidations by the use of Collins reagent, a complex of chromium(VI) oxide with pyridine in dichloromethane. [1] [2] Mechanism of the Collins oxidation [3]
Collins reagent is especially useful for oxidations of acid sensitive compounds. Primary and secondary alcohols are oxidized respectively to aldehydes and ketones in yields of 87-98%. [5] Like other oxidations by Cr(VI), the stoichiometry of the oxidations is complex because the metal undergoes 3e reduction and the substrate is oxidized by 2 ...