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Progesterone therapy can prevent cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis, and raise high-density lipoprotein: The use of micronized progesterone does not affect cardiovascular risk The side effects reported in the Women's Health Initiative study were due to the synthetic nature of the hormones used
This is a partial list of herbs and herbal treatments with known or suspected adverse effects, either alone or in interaction with other herbs or drugs. Non-inclusion of an herb in this list does not imply that it is free of adverse effects.
Side effects of estradiol valerate include breast tenderness, breast enlargement, nausea, headache, and fluid retention. [15] [13] [14] Estradiol valerate is an estrogen and hence is an agonist of the estrogen receptor, the biological target of estrogens like estradiol. [5] [4] [16] It is an estrogen ester and a prodrug of estradiol in the body.
More recently developed forms of drug delivery are alleged to have increased local effect lower dosing, fewer side effects, and constant rather than cyclical serum hormone levels. [1] [2] Transdermal and vaginal estrogen, in particular, avoid first pass metabolism through the liver. This in turn prevents an increase in clotting factors and ...
Estrogen appears to have a protector effect on atherosclerosis: it lowers LDL and triglycerides, it raises HDL levels and has endothelial vasodilatation properties plus an anti-inflammatory component. Research is underway to determine if risks of estrogen supplement use are the same for all methods of delivery.
Levonorgestrel is a progestogen; that is, an agonist of the progesterone receptor (PR), the main biological target of the progestogen sex hormone progesterone. [4] It has effects similar to those of the hormone progesterone. [7] As a contraceptive, it works primarily by preventing ovulation and closing off the cervix to prevent the passage of ...