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The 4AT is designed to be used as a delirium detection tool in general clinical settings, inpatient hospital settings outside of the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), or in the community. The 4AT is intended to be used by healthcare practitioners without the need for special training, and it takes around two minutes to complete. [ 4 ]
Mental Capacity Act 2005 Code of Practice (PDF), Department for Constitutional Affairs, 2007 MCA (2005), The Mental Capacity Act 2005 , The National Archives , retrieved 25 August 2017 Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust v James , British and Irish Legal Information Institute, 2013 , retrieved 25 August 2017
Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
The UK's National Health Service has produced guidelines for handling violence and the risk of violence in psychiatric and emergency departments. [5] When using physical restraint , National Institute for Health and Care Excellence suggest supine rather than prone restraint and that physical restraint should ideally not last longer than 10 minutes.
The Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) is a diagnostic tool developed to allow physicians and nurses to identify delirium in the healthcare setting. [1] It was designed to be brief (less than 5 minutes to perform) and based on criteria from the third edition-revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-III-R).
For example, some forms of chronic drug or alcohol dependence can cause organic brain syndrome due to their long-lasting or permanent toxic effects on brain function. [6] Other common causes of chronic organic brain syndrome sometimes listed are the various types of dementia , which result from permanent brain damage due to strokes, [ 7 ...
Other tests are also used, such as the Hodkinson [12] abbreviated mental test score (1972), Geriatric Mental State Examination (GMS), [13] or the General Practitioner Assessment of Cognition, bedside tests such as the 4AT (which also assesses for delirium), and computerised tests such as CoPs [14] and Mental Attributes Profiling System, [15] as ...
Bell's mania, also known as delirious mania, refers to an acute neurobehavioral syndrome. [1] This is usually characterized by an expeditious onset of delirium, mania, psychosis, followed by grandiosity, emotional lability, altered consciousness, hyperthermia, and in extreme cases, death. [1]