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Capillary refill time is a quick and cheap way to indicate decreased peripheral perfusion and may indicate cardiovascular or respiratory dysfunction. [5] It has also been used to assess or diagnose diseases of the peripheral circulatory system such as Raynaud's syndrome and hand–arm vibration syndrome. [6]
The pneumonia severity index (PSI) or PORT Score is a clinical prediction rule that medical practitioners can use to calculate the probability of morbidity and mortality among patients with community acquired pneumonia. [1] The PSI/PORT score is often used to predict the need for hospitalization in people with pneumonia. [2]
Hypoxemia normally stimulates ventilation and produces dyspnea, but these and the other signs and symptoms of hypoxia are sufficiently variable in COPD to limit their value in patient assessment. Chronic alveolar hypoxia is the main factor leading to development of cor pulmonale — right ventricular hypertrophy with or without overt right ...
Hypoxemia is caused by five categories of etiologies: hypoventilation, ventilation/perfusion mismatch, right-to-left shunt, diffusion impairment, and low PO 2. Low PO 2 and hypoventilation are associated with a normal alveolar–arterial gradient (A-a gradient) whereas the other categories are associated with an increased A-a gradient. [11]: 229
Ventilation Scan is abnormal but perfusion scan is normal indicating abnormal airway suggesting COPD or asthma. Ventilation Scan is normal but perfusion is abnormal indicating any obstruction to the blood flow (perfusion), may be because of the pulmonary embolism obstructing the flow. Both scans are abnormal. It may be found in pneumonia or COPD.
On the other side Ventilation-perfusion mismatch is the term used when the ventilation and the perfusion of a gas exchanging unit are not matched. The actual values in the lung vary depending on the position within the lung. If taken as a whole, the typical value is approximately 0.8. [4]
Ventilation–perfusion coupling is the relationship between ventilation and perfusion in the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. [1] Ventilation is the movement of air in and out of the lungs during breathing. [2] Perfusion is the process of pulmonary blood circulation, which reoxygenates blood, allowing it to transport oxygen to body tissues.
assess signs of pathology in the peripheral vascular system A peripheral vascular examination is a medical examination to discover signs of pathology in the peripheral vascular system . It is performed as part of a physical examination , or when a patient presents with leg pain suggestive of a cardiovascular pathology.