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The Canton system did not completely affect Chinese trade with the rest of the world as Chinese merchants, with their large three-masted ocean junks, were heavily involved in global trade. By sailing to and from Siam , Indonesia and Philippines , they were major facilitators of the global trading system; the era was even described by Carl ...
An oil painting from 1780; It shows the bases of merchants from various Western powers – Denmark, Spain, United States, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the Netherlands, established with Canton Factories. Cantonese merchants (Cantonese Jyutping: Jyut6 soeng1; Traditional Chinese: 粵商) refers to merchants of Cantonese origin, though sometimes it ...
The Thirteen Factories, the area of Guangzhou to which China's Western trade was restricted from 1757 to 1842 The gardens of the American factory at Guangzhou c. 1845. The Old China Trade (Chinese: 舊中國貿易) refers to the early commerce between the Qing Empire and the United States under the Canton System, spanning from shortly after the end of the American Revolutionary War in 1783 to ...
Wu Bingjian (Chinese: 伍秉鑑; 1769 – 4 September 1843 [1]), trading as "Houqua" [2] and better known in the West as "Howqua" or "Howqua II", [a] [3] was a hong merchant in the Thirteen Factories, head of the E-wo hong and leader of the Canton Cohong.
The Thirteen Factories, also known as the Canton Factories, was a neighbourhood along the Pearl River in southwestern Guangzhou (Canton) in the Qing Empire from c. 1684 to 1856 around modern day Xiguan, in Guangzhou's Liwan District. These warehouses and stores were the principal and sole legal site of most Western trade with China from 1757 to ...
A hong (Chinese: 行; pinyin: háng; Jyutping: hong4-2) was a type of Chinese merchant establishment and its associated type of building. [1] Hongs arose in Guangzhou (formerly known as Canton) as intermediaries between Western and Chinese merchants during the 18–19th century, under the Canton System.
The Cohong, sometimes spelled kehang or gonghang, a guild of Chinese merchants or hongs, operated the import–export monopoly in Canton (present-day Guangzhou) during the Qing dynasty (1644–1911). During the century prior to the First Opium War of 1839–1842, trade relations between China and Europe took place exclusively via the Cohong ...
Merchants in Guangzhou (then known as "Canton") established a volunteers corps for self-defense and security. Chen Lianbo (陳廉伯), also known as Chan Lim Pak, was elected commander, and also Director of Finance at the Canton Merchants' Public Safety Organization (廣州粵商公安維持會). Chen supported the volunteer corps and lent ...