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The interstitial nucleus of Cajal is a collection of neurons in the mesencephalon (midbrain) which are involved in integrating eye position-velocity information in order to coordinate head-eye movements - especially those related to vertical and torsional conjugate eye movements (gaze). It also mediates vertical gaze holding.
Due to the small size of the arteries in the area, the most common cause of a local lesion is an infarction due to lipohyalinosis and hypertension. Like other small arteries of the brain, these vessels are vulnerable to microemboli , especially those generated due to turbulence or low-flow states in those with artificial heart valves or ...
This is usually associated with involuntary jerky eye movements of the abducting eye, a syndrome called internuclear ophthalmoplegia. [7] Because multiple sclerosis causes demyelination of the axons of the central nervous system , it can cause internuclear ophthalmoplegia when medial longitudinal fasciculus axons get demyelinated. [ 8 ]
The amount of interstitial fluid varies from about 50% of the tissue weight in skin to about 10% in skeletal muscle. [2] Interstitial fluid pressure is variable, ranging from -1 to -4 mmHg in tissues like the skin, intestine and lungs to 21 to 24 mmHg in the liver, kidney and myocardium. Generally, increasing interstitial volume is associated ...
Interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) are interstitial cells found in the gastrointestinal tract.There are different types of ICC with different functions. ICC and another type of interstitial cell, known as platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRα) cells, are electrically coupled to smooth muscle cells via gap junctions, that work together as an SIP functional syncytium. [2]
The Interpeduncular nucleus is implicated with a role in the regulation of Rapid eye movement sleep. [6] Activation of the GAD2 expressing sub-population of the IPN produced the physical symptoms of nicotine withdrawal suggesting that the misfunction of this region may be an active component of withdrawal.
The trabecular meshwork is an area of tissue in the eye located around the base of the cornea, near the ciliary body, and is responsible for draining the aqueous humor from the eye via the anterior chamber (the chamber on the front of the eye covered by the cornea). The tissue is spongy and lined by trabeculocytes; it allows fluid to drain into ...
They output to the pale and thick stripes of area V2. Blobs are on the koniocellular pathway. This pathway begins at the photoreceptors which then relay signals to the 'K' ganglion cells in the retina. The pathway then continues out of the eye to the layers in-between the parvocellular and magnocellular layers of the dLGN.