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Mass flow of liquid water from the roots to the leaves is driven in part by capillary action, but primarily driven by water potential differences. If the water potential in the ambient air is lower than that in the leaf airspace of the stomatal pore, water vapor will travel down the gradient and move from the leaf airspace to the atmosphere.
Crayfish can move backward much faster than they can move forward. Gait analysis is the study of gait in humans and other animals. This may involve videoing subjects with markers on particular anatomical landmarks and measuring the forces of their footfall using floor transducers ( strain gauges ).
In the tallest trees, such as Sequoia sempervirens, the water rises well over 100 metres from root-tip to canopy leaves. Such trees also exploit evaporation to keep the surface cool. Water vapour from evapotranspiration mixed with air moves upwards to the point of saturation and then, helped by the emissions of cloud condensation nuclei, forms ...
The rapidly diffusing gas is transported into the tissue faster than the slower diffusing gas is transported out of the tissue. [42] This can occur as divers switch from a nitrogen mixture to a helium mixture (diffusivity of helium is 2.65 times faster than nitrogen), [42] or when saturation divers breathing hydreliox switch to a heliox mixture ...
The biotic pump describes how water vapor given off by trees can drive winds and these winds can cross continents and deliver this moisture to far off forests. With this process and the fact that the foliage in forests have surface area, the forests can deliver more moisture to the atmosphere than evaporation from a body of water or equivalent ...
Water is lost much faster than CO 2 is absorbed, so plants need to replace it, and have developed systems to transport water from the moist soil to the site of photosynthesis. [33] Early plants sucked water between the walls of their cells, then evolved the ability to control water loss (and CO 2 acquisition) through the use of stomata.
Wildfires are making trees ‘move’ across the US as climate conditions change, with species shifting towards cooler and wetter sites.
Evapotranspiration can never be greater than potential evapotranspiration, but can be lower if there is not enough water to be evaporated or plants are unable to transpire maturely and readily. Some US states utilize a full cover alfalfa reference crop that is 0.5 m (1.6 ft) in height, rather than the general short green grass reference, due to ...