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English: A simple diagram of a yeast cell, labelled in English. It shows the cytoplasm, nucleus, cell membrane, cell wall, mitochondria, and vacuole.
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Diagram showing a yeast cell Several yeasts, in particular S. cerevisiae and S. pombe , have been widely used in genetics and cell biology, largely because they are simple eukaryotic cells, serving as a model for all eukaryotes, including humans, for the study of fundamental cellular processes such as the cell cycle , DNA replication ...
In well nourished, rapidly growing yeast cultures, all the cells have buds, since bud formation occupies the whole cell cycle. Both mother and daughter cells can initiate bud formation before cell separation has occurred. In yeast cultures growing more slowly, cells lacking buds can be seen, and bud formation only occupies a part of the cell cycle.
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The spindle pole body (SPB) is the microtubule organizing center in yeast cells, functionally equivalent to the centrosome. Unlike the centrosome the SPB does not contain centrioles. The SPB organises the microtubule cytoskeleton which plays many roles in the cell. It is important for organising the spindle and thus in cell division.
Yeast cells can stably exist in either a diploid or a haploid form. Both haploid and diploid yeast cells reproduce by mitosis, in which daughter cells bud from mother cells. Haploid cells are capable of mating with other haploid cells of the opposite mating type (an a cell can only mate with an α cell and vice versa) to produce a stable ...