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On March 15, 1933, the first day of stock trading after the extended closure of Wall Street, the Dow Jones Industrial Average, gaining 8.26 points to close at 62.10; a gain of 15.34%. As of October 2024 [update] , the gain still stands as the largest one-day percentage price increase ever .
The crowd shown above is gathered in front of the Guardian Trust Company and National City Bank. The imposition of the withdrawal rule, which is for an indefinite period, followed steady runs on the banks as a result of the moratorium declared a week ago in Michigan. Date: 28 February 1933: Source: Franklin D. Roosevelt Library collection photo via
President Roosevelt issued Executive Order 2039, declaring a nationwide "bank holiday", temporarily closing every bank in the United States and freezing all financial transactions. The 'holiday' ended on March 13 for the 12 federal reserve banks, and by March 15 for all banks, which then had to apply for a license. [3]
A Chemical Bank advertisement boasted "On Sept. 2 our bank will open at 9:00 and never close again." [33] Chemicals' ATM, initially known as a Docuteller was designed by Donald Wetzel and his company Docutel. Chemical executives were initially hesitant about the electronic banking transition given the high cost of the early machines.
Provisions of the 1933 Banking Act that were later repealed or replaced include (1) Sections 5(c) and 19, which required an owner of more than 50% of a Federal Reserve System member bank's stock to receive a permit from (and submit to inspection by) the Federal Reserve Board to vote that stock (replaced by the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 ...
The bank had over $160 million in deposits and was the fourth largest bank in the United States at the time, and its failure is widely considered to be the moment when the banking collapse in the United States hit a critical mass, sparking a nationwide run on the banking system that was a major contributor to the deflationary spiral of 1931–1933.
Panic of 1819, a U.S. recession with bank failures; culmination of U.S.'s first boom-to-bust economic cycle; Panic of 1825, a pervasive British recession in which many banks failed, nearly including the Bank of England; Panic of 1837, a U.S. recession with bank failures, followed by a 5-year depression; Panic of 1847, United Kingdom
March 5 – Great Depression: President Franklin D. Roosevelt declares a "bank holiday", closing all United States banks and freezing all financial transactions (the 'holiday' ends on March 13). March 7 – The real-estate trading board game Monopoly is developed.