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Gynoecium (/ ɡ aɪ ˈ n iː s i. ə m, dʒ ɪ ˈ n iː ʃ i. ə m /; from Ancient Greek γυνή (gunḗ) 'woman, female' and οἶκος (oîkos) 'house'; pl.: gynoecia) is most commonly used as a collective term for the parts of a flower that produce ovules and ultimately develop into the fruit and seeds.
The gynoecium consists of three parts: the ovary, bulging lower part that forms a cavity or locule inside which are the ovules; the style which is a more or less elongated column that supports the third component of the pistil: the stigma. This is constituted by a specialized glandular tissue for the reception of the grains of polen.
The stigma, together with the style and ovary (typically called the stigma-style-ovary system) comprises the pistil, which is part of the gynoecium or female reproductive organ of a plant. The stigma itself forms the distal portion of the style, or stylodia, and is composed of stigmatic papillae , the cells of which are receptive to pollen.
In the flowering plants, an ovary is a part of the female reproductive organ of the flower or gynoecium. Specifically, it is the part of the pistil which holds the ovule(s) and is located above or below or at the point of connection with the base of the petals and sepals.
Floral diagram of Anagallis arvensis. [1]: 307 The dot represents the main axis, green structure below is the subtending bract.Calyx (green arcs) consists of five free sepals; corolla (red arcs) consists of five fused petals.
Or, with bisexual and at least one of male and female flowers on the same plant. [2] Protandrous: (of dichogamous plants) having male parts of flowers developed before female parts, e.g. having flowers that function first as male and then change to female or producing pollen before the stigmas of the same plant are receptive. [6]
More specialized functions can also be performed by the floral axis. For example, in the plant Hibiscus, the floral axis is able to proliferate and produce fruit, rendering processes like self pollination unnecessary. [9] A diagram of a flower showing the different organs and their placement on the flower.
The first authors using them were Cassel [3] (1820) who first devised lists of integers to denote numbers of parts in named whorls; and Martius [4] (1828). Grisebach [ 5 ] (1854) used 4-integer series to represent the 4 whorls of floral parts in his textbook to describe characteristics of floral families, stating numbers of different organs ...