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  2. State of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State_of_matter

    In a string-net liquid, atoms have apparently unstable arrangement, like a liquid, but are still consistent in overall pattern, like a solid. When in a normal solid state, the atoms of matter align themselves in a grid pattern, so that the spin of any electron is the opposite of the spin of all electrons touching it.

  3. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Solid: A solid holds a definite shape and volume without the need of a container. The particles are held very close to each other. Amorphous solid: A solid in which there is no far-range order of the positions of the atoms. Crystalline solid: A solid in which atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in regular order.

  4. Bonding in solids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonding_in_solids

    Metallic solids have, by definition, no band gap at the Fermi level and hence are conducting. Solids with purely metallic bonding are characteristically ductile and, in their pure forms, have low strength; melting points can [inconsistent] be very low (e.g., Mercury melts at 234 K (−39 °C). These properties are consequences of the non ...

  5. Liquid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquid

    Liquid is one of the four primary states of matter, with the others being solid, gas and plasma. A liquid is a fluid. Unlike a solid, the molecules in a liquid have a much greater freedom to move. The forces that bind the molecules together in a solid are only temporary in a liquid, allowing a liquid to flow while a solid remains rigid.

  6. Properties of water - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Properties_of_water

    The temperature and pressure at which ordinary solid, liquid, and gaseous water coexist in equilibrium is a triple point of water. Since 1954, this point had been used to define the base unit of temperature, the kelvin , [ 45 ] [ 46 ] but, starting in 2019 , the kelvin is now defined using the Boltzmann constant , rather than the triple point ...

  7. Atom - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom

    Quantities of atoms are found in different states of matter that depend on the physical conditions, such as temperature and pressure. By varying the conditions, materials can transition between solids, liquids, gases and plasmas. [101] Within a state, a material can also exist in different allotropes.

  8. Structure of liquids and glasses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure_of_liquids_and...

    The structure of liquids, glasses and other non-crystalline solids is characterized by the absence of long-range order which defines crystalline materials. Liquids and amorphous solids do, however, possess a rich and varied array of short to medium range order, which originates from chemical bonding and related interactions.

  9. Aluminium - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aluminium

    The liquid aluminium sinks to the bottom of the solution and is tapped off, and usually cast into large blocks called aluminium billets for further processing. [ 46 ] Anodes of the electrolysis cell are made of carbon—the most resistant material against fluoride corrosion—and either bake at the process or are prebaked.