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Guillain–Barré syndrome (also called "GBS") is a rapid-onset muscle weakness caused by the immune system damaging the peripheral nervous system. [3] Typically, both sides of the body are involved, and the initial symptoms are changes in sensation or pain often in the back along with muscle weakness, beginning in the feet and hands, often spreading to the arms and upper body. [3]
Examination of these children showed that many of them had acute flaccid paralysis and areflexia but with little or no sensory loss. Electrophysiological testing of these children showed motor axonal loss with occasional conduction block with a lack of demyelinating features and normal sensory potentials. In contrast, the common form of ...
Intravenous penicillin or ampicillin given to GBS-colonized women at the onset of labor and then again every four hours until delivery have been proven to be very effective at preventing vertical transmission of GBS from mother to baby and GBS-EOD. Penicillin G, 5 million units IV initial dose, then 3 million units every 4 hours until delivery ...
Many cases have a sudden onset, but others worsen over time, resembling degenerative forms of autonomic dysfunction. For milder cases, supportive treatment is used to manage symptoms. [2] Plasma exchange, intravenous immunoglobulin, corticosteroids, or immunosuppression have been used successfully to treat more severe cases. [1]
Antibodies to a GM1 epitope as well as to one with the GT1a or GD3 epitope were found in different strains of Campylobacter jejuni [14] and patients with Guillain–Barré syndrome have a high occurrence of C. jejuni infection. [15] Many studies indicate that C. jejuni may be causative for a subset of some forms of neuropathies.
Symptoms of sensory neuropathy may sometimes precede the cancer diagnosis by several months. Immune mediated sensory neuronopathy is commonly associated with Sjogrens syndrome. [5] Sjogren's is most commonly affected by a length dependent axonal sensorimotor neuropathy characterized by symptoms in the extremities.
Furthermore, there have been reports of pure motor and sensory CIDP variants, with the latter occasionally limited to sensory nerve roots (chronic immune sensory polyradiculopathy). The acronym CANOMAD refers to a rare chronic ataxic neuropathy linked to disialosyl ( ganglioside ) antibodies, IgM paraprotein , ophthalmoplegia , and cold ...
GBS is a normal component of the intestinal and vaginal microbiota in some people, GBS is an asymptomatic (presenting no symptoms) colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract and vagina in up to 30% of otherwise healthy adults, including pregnant women. [3] [15] GBS colonization may be permanent, intermittent or temporary.