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Varian Associates was one of the first high-tech companies in Silicon Valley.It was founded in 1948 by Russell H. and Sigurd F. Varian, William Webster Hansen, and Edward Ginzton to sell the klystron, the first vacuum tube which could amplify electromagnetic waves at microwave frequencies, and other electromagnetic equipment.
Varian Medical Systems is an American radiation oncology treatments and software maker based in Palo Alto, California. Their medical devices include linear accelerators (LINACs) and software for treating cancer and other medical conditions with radiotherapy , radiosurgery , proton therapy , and brachytherapy .
Varian, Inc. was one of the largest manufacturers of scientific instruments for the scientific industry. [1] They had offerings over a broad range of chemical analysis equipment, with a particular focus on Information Rich Detection [ clarification needed ] and Vacuum technology.
The work of physicist W. W. Hansen was instrumental in the development of the klystron and was cited by the Varian brothers in their 1939 paper. His resonator analysis, which dealt with the problem of accelerating electrons toward a target, could be used just as well to decelerate electrons (i.e., transfer their kinetic energy to RF energy in a ...
Varian Associates, an electronics company which split up into three companies in 1999: Varian Medical Systems, a manufacturer of medical equipment; Varian, Inc., a manufacturer of scientific instruments, now part of Agilent Technologies; Varian Semiconductor, a supplier of equipment for semiconductor manufacturers, now part of Applied Materials
Using other definitions of beam width does not work. In principle, one could use a single measurement at the waist to obtain the waist diameter, a single measurement in the far field to obtain the divergence, and then use these to calculate the BPP. The procedure above gives a more accurate result in practice, however.
The klystron, a microwave tube, [20] was noticed in 1938 by Sperry Gyroscope, who gave the Varian brothers and Hansen a contract to do further work. [17] The Varians did not know that the British were also working on early radar technology, which by then could detect submarines, but could not be made light enough to use in airplanes. [10]
The TWT is an elongated vacuum tube with an electron gun (a heated cathode that emits electrons) at one end.A voltage applied across the cathode and anode accelerates the electrons towards the far end of the tube, and an external magnetic field around the tube focuses the electrons into a beam.