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A prolactin cell (also known as a lactotropic cell, epsilon acidophil, lactotrope, lactotroph, mammatroph, mammotroph) is a cell in the anterior pituitary which produces prolactin (a peptide hormone) in response to hormonal signals including dopamine (which is inhibitory), thyrotropin-releasing hormone and estrogen (especially during pregnancy), which are stimulatory.
Bromocriptine possesses both dopamine 2 receptor agonistic and dopamine 1 receptor antagonistic properties. It is an ergot derivative, which directly binds to the postsynaptic dopamine 2 receptors of anterior pituitary cells and inhibits the secretion of prolactin. [46] [47] Chemical structure of cabergoline
Prolactin has a wide variety of effects. It stimulates the mammary glands to produce milk (): increased serum concentrations of prolactin during pregnancy cause enlargement of the mammary glands and prepare for milk production, which normally starts when levels of progesterone fall by the end of pregnancy and a suckling stimulus is present.
This compound has been shown to boost levels of dopamine and serotonin (mood-regulating hormones) in mice. ... This nutrient is essential for fetal brain development during early pregnancy. In ...
Dopamine released by many groups of neurons in the brain inhibits the secretion of prolactin by activating D2 Dopamine receptors on lactotrophs in the pituitary gland. [31] Prolactin directly stimulates hypothalamic dopamine neurons, which in turn inhibit the secretion of prolactin, creating a succinct negative feedback mechanism for regulation.
Dopamine acts on pituitary lactotroph D 2 receptors to inhibit prolactin secretion while other peptides and hormones, such as thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), stimulate prolactin secretion. [3] As a result, hyperprolactinemia may be caused by disinhibition (e.g., compression of the pituitary stalk or reduced dopamine levels) or excess ...
It is unclear if dopamine is safe to use during pregnancy or breastfeeding. [4] At low doses dopamine mainly triggers dopamine receptors and β1-adrenergic receptors while at high doses it works via α-adrenergic receptors. [4] Dopamine was first synthesized in a laboratory in 1910 by George Barger and James Ewens in England. [8]
[citation needed] Although cabergoline is commonly described principally as a D 2 receptor agonist, it also possesses significant affinity for the dopamine D 3, and D 4, serotonin 5-HT 1A, 5-HT 2A, 5-HT 2B, and 5-HT 2C, and α 2-adrenergic receptors, as well as moderate/low affinity for the dopamine D 1, serotonin 5-HT 7, and α 1-adrenergic ...