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The longest diagonals of a regular hexagon, connecting diametrically opposite vertices, are twice the length of one side. From this it can be seen that a triangle with a vertex at the center of the regular hexagon and sharing one side with the hexagon is equilateral, and that the regular hexagon can be partitioned into six equilateral triangles.
A regular hexagon has nine diagonals: the six shorter ones are equal to each other in length; the three longer ones are equal to each other in length and intersect each other at the center of the hexagon. The ratio of a long diagonal to a side is 2, and the ratio of a short diagonal to a side is .
The sum of the squared distances from the midpoints of the sides of a regular n-gon to any point on the circumcircle is 2nR 2 − 1 / 4 ns 2, where s is the side length and R is the circumradius. [4]: p. 73
Coxeter states that every zonogon (a 2m-gon whose opposite sides are parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into m(m-1)/2 parallelograms. [ 4 ] In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi.
The respective lengths a, b, and c of the sides of these three polygons satisfy the equation a 2 + b 2 = c 2, so line segments with these lengths form a right triangle (by the converse of the Pythagorean theorem). The ratio of the side length of the hexagon to the decagon is the golden ratio, so this triangle forms half of a golden rectangle. [8]
Oblong: longer than wide, or wider than long (i.e., a rectangle that is not a square). [5] Kite: two pairs of adjacent sides are of equal length. This implies that one diagonal divides the kite into congruent triangles, and so the angles between the two pairs of equal sides are equal in measure. It also implies that the diagonals are perpendicular.
An axial diagonal is a space diagonal that passes through the center of a polyhedron. For example, in a cube with edge length a , all four space diagonals are axial diagonals, of common length a 3 . {\displaystyle a{\sqrt {3}}.}
The body diagonal between the acute-angled vertices is the longest. By rotational symmetry about that diagonal, the other three body diagonals, between the three pairs of opposite obtuse-angled vertices, are all the same length.