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A close order formation is a military tactical formation in which soldiers are close together and regularly arranged for the tactical concentration of force. It was used by heavy infantry in ancient warfare , as the basis for shield wall and phalanx tactics, to multiply their effective weight of arms by their weight of numbers.
Company, in close order, form three/four ranks – in the UK, this command is used to form companies into three or four ranks of personnel each Staff behind me, (forward) march – in the US, this command is used by the parade commander to form his parade staff in readiness for the march past/pass in review segment of parades
Following this exercise, Steuben published his drill instructions in a manual that was published in 1779 and widely distributed throughout the Continental Army. This manual became commonly known as the army's "Blue Book". It remained the official U.S. military guide until 1812. [1]
A file formation is used for close terrain, often in dense vegetation or when there is low visibility. The file formation is easiest to control, and provides fire to the ranks should an ambush from the side occur. Diamond: Similar to the Wedge and inverted wedge, the diamond formation allows for the fourth section to follow the lead element.
A depiction of a Napoleonic-era British infantry square at the Battle of Quatre Bras, Belgium, 1815.. An infantry square, also known as a hollow square, was a historic close order formation used in combat by infantry units, usually when threatened with cavalry attack. [1]
A manual of arms was an instruction book for handling and using weapons in formation, whether in the field or on parade.Such manuals were especially important in the matchlock and flintlock eras, when loading and firing was a complex and lengthy process typically carried out in close order.
We got an inside look at how United States Army infantry soldiers train for combat in urban environments during their 22-week training.
The Strategikon describes the phoulkon as a close-order infantry formation. Before close contact with the enemy and just outside of archery range, the command "ad fulco" (αδ φουλκω) would be issued, and infantry were to close ranks and form a shield wall from the first two lines. [10]