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  2. Bjerrum plot - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjerrum_plot

    Example Bjerrum plot: Change in carbonate system of seawater from ocean acidification.. A Bjerrum plot (named after Niels Bjerrum), sometimes also known as a Sillén diagram (after Lars Gunnar Sillén), or a Hägg diagram (after Gunnar Hägg) [1] is a graph of the concentrations of the different species of a polyprotic acid in a solution, as a function of pH, [2] when the solution is at ...

  3. Marine biogeochemical cycles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogeochemical_cycles

    The Oceanic carbon cycle is a central process to the global carbon cycle and contains both inorganic carbon (carbon not associated with a living thing, such as carbon dioxide) and organic carbon (carbon that is, or has been, incorporated into a living thing). Part of the marine carbon cycle transforms carbon between non-living and living matter.

  4. Redfield ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Redfield_ratio

    Relationship of phosphate to nitrate uptake for photosynthesis in various regions of the ocean. Note that nitrate is more often limiting than phosphate. The Redfield ratio or Redfield stoichiometry is the consistent atomic ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus found in marine phytoplankton and throughout the deep oceans.

  5. Solubility pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solubility_pump

    The balance of these carbonate species (which ultimately affects the solubility of carbon dioxide), is dependent on factors such as pH, as shown in a Bjerrum plot.In seawater this is regulated by the charge balance of a number of positive (e.g. Na +, K +, Mg 2+, Ca 2+) and negative (e.g. CO 3 2− itself, Cl −, SO 4 2−, Br −) ions.

  6. Biological pump - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_pump

    It constitutes around 38,000 Pg C [18] and includes dissolved carbon dioxide (CO 2), bicarbonate (HCO − 3), carbonate (CO 2− 3), and carbonic acid (H 2 C O 3). The equilibrium between carbonic acid and carbonate determines the pH of the seawater. Carbon dioxide dissolves easily in water and its solubility is inversely related to temperature.

  7. Marine biogenic calcification - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_biogenic_calcification

    The decreasing saturation of seawater with respect to calcium carbonate, associated with ocean acidification, a result of increased carbon dioxide (CO 2) absorption by the oceans, poses a significant threat to marine calcifiers. As CO 2 concentrations in seawater rise, a decrease in pH and a reduction in carbonate ion concentrations in seawater ...

  8. Marine chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine_chemistry

    The impact of human activity on the chemistry of the Earth's oceans has increased over time, with pollution from industry and various land-use practices significantly affecting the oceans. Moreover, increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere have led to ocean acidification, which has

  9. Oceanic carbon cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oceanic_carbon_cycle

    Current annual increase in atmospheric CO 2 is approximately 4–5 gigatons of carbon, [60] about 2–3ppm CO 2 per year. [61] [62] This induces climate change that drives carbon concentration and carbon-climate feedback processes that modifies ocean circulation and the physical and chemical properties of seawater, which alters CO 2 uptake.