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The organisation also reported assaults against Christians, damages and burning down of Churches and Christian institutions in at least 25 villages all over Gujarat from 25 December 1998 to the next ten days. [34] In the previous year 1997, 22 churches were burnt or destroyed, and another 16 in Gujarat alone. [35] [36]
[citation needed] As a result, Muslim mosques, Christian churches, Zoroastrian fire temples [citation needed], Jain and Buddhist temples were converted into Hindu places of worship. Since the dawn of the 20th century, there have been active movements to convert non-Hindu religious sites into temples, primarily in the West [ 1 ] and in India .
The state and the Sangha (Buddhist clergy) have maintained a close and reciprocal relationship, with the legitimacy of kingship being conferred only on Buddhists for the purpose of protecting Buddhism. [292] Consequently, Buddhism is given "the foremost place" in the country's constitution, making it the duty of the state to protect and foster it.
In 2006, according to the Asia Times, "Lee also sent a video prayer message to a Christian rally held in the southern city of Busan in which the worship leader prayed feverishly: 'Lord, let the Buddhist temples in this country crumble down! ' " [186] Further, according to an article in Buddhist-Christian Studies: "Over the course of the last ...
The revolt started, among the Indian sepoys of British East India Company, when the British introduced new rifle cartridges, rumoured to be greased with pig and cow fat—an abhorrent concept to Muslim and Hindu soldiers, respectively, for religious reasons. 150,000 Indians and 6,000 Britons were killed during the 1857 rebellion. [40] [41]
The Indian government and the states have continued to promote the development of Buddhist pilgrimage sites ("the Buddhist Circuit"), both as a source of tourism and as a promotion of India's Buddhist heritage which is an important cultural resource for India's foreign diplomatic ties. [94]
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Bronkhorst also thinks that the increase in the use of apotropaic rituals (including for the protection of the state and king) and spells by 7th century Indian Buddhism is also a response to Brahmanical and Shaiva influence. These included fire sacrifices, which were performed under the rule of Buddhist king Dharmapala (r. c. 775–812). [62]