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Königsberg (/ ˈ k ɜː n ɪ ɡ z b ɜːr ɡ /, German: [ˈkøːnɪçsbɛʁk] ⓘ; lit. ' King's mountain '; Polish: Królewiec; Lithuanian: Karaliaučius; Baltic Prussian: Kunnegsgarbs; Russian: Кёнигсберг, romanized: Kyónigsberg, IPA: [ˈkʲɵnʲɪɡzbʲɪrk]) is the historic German and Prussian name of the medieval city that is now Kaliningrad, Russia.
The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Kaliningrad, Russia. The city was known as Königsberg ( Polish : Królewiec , Lithuanian : Karaliaučius ) prior to 1945 and Twangste prior to 1255.
Like historical Königsberg, Bristol occupies two river banks and two river islands. [14] However, the configuration of the 45 major bridges in Bristol is such that an Eulerian circuit exists. [ 15 ] This cycle has been popularized by a book [ 15 ] and news coverage [ 16 ] [ 17 ] and has featured in different charity events.
The history of Poles in Königsberg (Polish: Królewiec) goes back to the 14th century. In the struggles between the Kingdom of Poland and the Teutonic Order , the city was briefly part of the Polish state, and after the Second Peace of Toruń , 1466, it was considered a part of Poland as a fief held by the Teutonic Order [ 1 ] and the secular ...
The 15 metre-thick First Belt was erected due to Königsberg's vulnerability during the Polish–Swedish wars. [2] The Second Belt was largely constructed on the place of the first one, which was in a bad condition. [2] The new belt included twelve bastions, three ravelins, seven spoil banks and two fortresses, surrounded by a water moat. [2]
Königsberg Castle and its suburbs remained separate until the Städteordnung of Stein on 19 November 1808 during the era of Prussian reforms. [17] Altstadt was devastated by the 1944 Bombing of Königsberg and 1945 Battle of Königsberg. Buildings which survived World War II were subsequently demolished by the Soviet Union.
The evacuated Königsberg collection, about 85% of the pre-war documents, has been in the possession of the Prussian Privy State Archives in Berlin since 1979. It consists of almost complete collections from the Teutonic and ducal eras. There are numerous documents from the 18th century, but fewer from the 19th and 20th centuries.