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The sinc function, the impulse response for an ideal low-pass filter, illustrating ringing for an impulse. The Gibbs phenomenon, illustrating ringing for a step function.. By definition, ringing occurs when a non-oscillating input yields an oscillating output: formally, when an input signal which is monotonic on an interval has output response which is not monotonic.
From a signal processing point of view, the Gibbs phenomenon is the step response of a low-pass filter, and the oscillations are called ringing or ringing artifacts. Truncating the Fourier transform of a signal on the real line, or the Fourier series of a periodic signal (equivalently, a signal on the circle), corresponds to filtering out the ...
A cognitive artifact is a physical representation of a conceptual idea, such as an experience, a memory, a thought, or a feeling. The term is used in the discipline of human-computer interaction . Cognitive artifacts can take on different forms, and are intended to aid or enhance one's cognitive abilities. [ 4 ]
The psychology of learning refers to theories and research on how individuals learn. There are many theories of learning. Some take on a more behaviorist approach which focuses on inputs and reinforcements. [1] [2] [3] Other approaches, such as neuroscience and social cognition, focus more on how the brain's organization and structure influence ...
Gibbs artifact (T1 sagittal study of the brain). [1] Gibbs artifacts or Gibbs ringing artifacts, also known as truncation artifacts are caused by the under-sampling of high spatial frequencies at sharp boundaries in the image. [5] [6] Lack of appropriate high-frequency components leads to an oscillation at a sharp transition known as a ringing ...
An instructional theory is "a theory that offers explicit guidance on how to better help people learn and develop." [ 1 ] It provides insights about what is likely to happen and why with respect to different kinds of teaching and learning activities while helping indicate approaches for their evaluation. [ 2 ]
Learning sciences (LS) is the critical theoretical understanding of learning, [1] engagement in the design and implementation of learning innovations, and the improvement of instructional methodologies. LS research traditionally focuses on cognitive-psychological, social-psychological, cultural-psychological and critical theoretical foundations ...
Researchers in the field of educational psychology have identified several principles of learning (sometimes referred to as laws of learning) which seem generally applicable to the learning process. These principles have been discovered, tested, and applied in real-world scenarios and situations.