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Smoking a traditional cigarette yields between 0.5 and 1.5 mg of nicotine, [180] but the nicotine content of the cigarette is only weakly correlated with the levels of nicotine in the smoker's bloodstream. [181] The amount of nicotine in the e-cigarette aerosol varies widely either from puff-to-puff or among devices of the same company. [8]
[1] [2] When used to determine if a computer program should be subjected to further, more fine-grained testing, a smoke test may be called a pretest [5] or an intake test. [1] Alternatively, it is a set of tests run on each new build of a product to verify that the build is testable before the build is released into the hands of the test team. [6]
A crank sensor (CKP) [1] [2] [3] is an electronic device used in an internal combustion engine, both petrol and diesel, to monitor the position or rotational speed of the crankshaft. This information is used by engine management systems to control the fuel injection or the ignition system timing and other engine parameters.
An ignition coil is used in the ignition system of a spark-ignition engine to transform the battery voltage to the much higher voltages required to operate the spark plug(s). The spark plugs then use this burst of high-voltage electricity to ignite the air-fuel mixture. The ignition coil is constructed of two sets of coils wound around an iron ...
American early and middle 20th century telephone cables had load coils at intervals of a mile (1.61 km), usually in coil cases holding many. The coils had to be removed to pass higher frequencies, but the coil cases provided convenient places for repeaters of digital T-carrier systems, which could then transmit a 1.5 Mbit/s signal that distance ...
Ignition system of a flat-twin Citroën 2CV. A wasted spark system is a type of ignition system used in some four-stroke cycle internal combustion engines.In a wasted spark system, the spark plugs fire in pairs, with one plug in a cylinder on its compression stroke and the other plug in a cylinder on its exhaust stroke.
A Rogowski coil is a toroid of wire used to measure an alternating current I(t) through a cable encircled by the toroid. The picture shows a Rogowski coil encircling a current-carrying cable. The output of the coil, v(t), is connected to a lossy integrator circuit to obtain a voltage V out (t) that is proportional to I(t).
A coil with a core which is a straight bar or other non-loop shape is called an open-core coil. This has lower magnetic field and inductance than a closed core, but is often used to prevent magnetic saturation of the core. A coil without a ferromagnetic core is called an air-core coil. [14]