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Endorphins may contribute to the positive effect of exercise on anxiety and depression. [43] The same phenomenon may also play a role in exercise addiction . Regular intense exercise may cause the brain to downregulate the production of endorphins in periods of rest to maintain homeostasis , causing a person to exercise more intensely in order ...
β-Endorphin (beta-endorphin) is an endogenous opioid neuropeptide and peptide hormone that is produced in certain neurons within the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. [1]
Endocrinology (from endocrine + -ology) is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones.It is also concerned with the integration of developmental events proliferation, growth, and differentiation, and the psychological or behavioral activities of metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, sleep ...
Enteroendocrine cells are specialized cells of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with endocrine function. They produce gastrointestinal hormones or peptides in response to various stimuli and release them into the bloodstream for systemic effect, diffuse them as local messengers, or transmit them to the enteric nervous system to activate nervous responses.
There are many types of cells that make up the endocrine system and these cells typically make up larger tissues and organs that function within and outside of the endocrine system. Hypothalamus; Anterior pituitary gland; Pineal gland; Posterior pituitary gland. The posterior pituitary gland is a section of the pituitary gland.
The CTZ is located within the area postrema, which is on the floor of the fourth ventricle and is outside of the blood–brain barrier. [1] It is also part of the vomiting center itself. [ 2 ] The neurotransmitters implicated in the control of nausea and vomiting include acetylcholine , dopamine , histamine (H1 receptor), substance P (NK-1 ...
Denopamine is used in the treatment of angina and has potential uses to treat congestive heart failure and pulmonary oedema. Dobutamine [11] (in cardiogenic shock) is a beta-1 agonist that treats cardiac decompensation. Xamoterol [11] (cardiac stimulant) acts as a partial agonist that improves heart function in studies with cardiac failure ...
Receptors for myokines are found on muscle, fat, liver, pancreas, bone, heart, immune, and brain cells. [2] The location of these receptors reflects the fact that myokines have multiple functions. Foremost, they are involved in exercise-associated metabolic changes, as well as in the metabolic changes following training adaptation. [ 1 ]