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On average, girls receive lower education than boys in the rural areas of the region affected by the lack of clean energy sources. [46] There is an increased need for decentralized sources of energy to mitigate the consequences of energy poverty in rural areas of Africa and its disproportionate effect on women's health and education. [46]
Higher female education makes women better-informed mothers and hence could contribute to lowering child mortality rates and malnutrition. [81] In Africa, limited education and employment opportunities for women reduce annual per capita growth by 0.8%. Had this growth taken place, Africa's economies would have doubled over the past 30 years. [82]
Iodine deficiency causes endemic goitre and cretinism as well as stunting of mental and physical development. Globally, 1.6 million people are at risk of iodine deficiency disorders and 50 million children affected by them. About 100,000 children are born each year with mental retardation, most of them in Africa.
Malnutrition occurs when an organism gets too few or too many nutrients, resulting in health problems. [11] [12] Specifically, it is a deficiency, excess, or imbalance of energy, protein and other nutrients which adversely affects the body's tissues and form.
[2] [5] This helps to distinguish the specific effects of women's education from the benefits of education in general. Note that some studies, particularly older ones, do simply look at women's total education levels. [3] One way to measure education levels is to look at what percentage of each gender graduates from each stage of school.
Women's social capital, gender roles, psychological stress, social resources, healthcare, and behavior form the social, economic, and cultural effects on health outcomes. [3] Also, women facing financial difficulty are more likely to report chronic conditions of health, [16] which occurs often in the lives of the impoverished. Socioeconomic ...
In southern Africa, it means below-average rainfall, sometimes drought, and is being blamed for the current situation. The impact is more severe for those in Mangwe, where it's notoriously arid.
A leading cause of diarrhea and intestinal worm infections in children in developing countries is a lack of sanitation and hygiene. Other diseases that cause chronic intestinal inflammation may lead to malnutrition, such as some cases of untreated celiac disease and inflammatory bowel disease. [21] [22] [23]