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A neutrino (/ nj uː ˈ t r iː n oʊ / new-TREE-noh; denoted by the Greek letter ν) is an elementary particle that interacts via the weak interaction and gravity. [2] [3] The neutrino is so named because it is electrically neutral and because its rest mass is so small that it was long thought to be zero.
In Big Bang cosmology, neutrino decoupling was the epoch at which neutrinos ceased interacting with other types of matter, [1] and thereby ceased influencing the dynamics of the universe at early times. [2] Prior to decoupling, neutrinos were in thermal equilibrium with protons, neutrons and electrons, which was maintained through the weak ...
The principle of the OPERA neutrino velocity experiment was to compare travel time of neutrinos against travel time of light. The neutrinos in the experiment emerged at CERN and flew to the OPERA detector. The researchers divided this distance by the speed of light in vacuum to predict what the neutrino travel time should be.
A second pulse of three neutrinos arrived during a 3.220-second interval from 9.219 to 12.439 seconds after the beginning of the first pulse. [citation needed] Although only 25 neutrinos were detected during the event, it was a significant increase from the previously observed background level.
They eventually used a nuclear reactor as a source of neutrinos, as advised by Los Alamos physics division leader J.M.B. Kellogg. The reactor had a neutrino flux of 5 × 10 13 neutrinos per second per square centimeter, [10] far higher than any flux attainable from other radioactive sources. A detector consisting of two tanks of water was ...
Supernova neutrinos are weakly interactive elementary particles produced during a core-collapse supernova explosion. [1] A massive star collapses at the end of its life, emitting on the order of 10 58 neutrinos and antineutrinos in all lepton flavors . [ 2 ]
The cosmic neutrino background (CNB or C ν B [a]) is the universe's background particle radiation composed of neutrinos.They are sometimes known as relic neutrinos.. The C ν B is a relic of the Big Bang; while the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB) dates from when the universe was 379,000 years old, the C ν B decoupled (separated) from matter when the universe was just one second old.
The Sun performs nuclear fusion via the proton–proton chain reaction, which converts four protons into alpha particles, neutrinos, positrons, and energy.This energy is released in the form of electromagnetic radiation, as gamma rays, as well as in the form of the kinetic energy of both the charged particles and the neutrinos.