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[7] [3] When used by mouth or injection, side effects may include headache, nausea, and a change to the color of the skin for a brief period of time. [3] Allergic reactions may rarely occur. [3] Fluorescein is a dye which is taken up by damaged cornea such that the area appears green under cobalt blue light. [3]
Diagnosis is often by slit lamp examination after fluorescein dye has been applied. [1] More significant injuries like a corneal ulcer, globe rupture, recurrent erosion syndrome, and a foreign body within the eye should be ruled out. [1] Prevention includes the use of eye protection. [1] Treatment is typically with antibiotic ointment. [1]
The fluorescein dye also reappears in the patient urine, causing the urine to appear darker, and sometimes orange. [2] It can also cause discolouration of the saliva. Fluorescein angiography is one of several health care applications of this dye, all of which have a risk of severe adverse effects. See fluorescein safety in health care applications.
Fluorescein can be introduced to a plant's veins through the roots or a cut stem. The dye is able to be taken up into the plant the same way as water and moves from the roots to the top of the plant due to a transpirational pull. [29] The fluorescein that has been taken up into the plant can be visualized under a fluorescent microscope.
Prior to this, in 1975, the Division of Biological Effects at the US Bureau of Radiological Health had published that the human threshold for photokeratitis is 50 J/m 2. [4]) Common causes include welding with failure to use adequate eye protection such as an appropriate welding helmet or welding goggles.
The frequencies of mild, moderate and severe side-effects were only 0.15%, 0.2% and 0.05%; the rate of deaths is 1:333,333. For the competitor substance fluorescein, the proportion of people with side-effects is 4.8% and the death rate is 1:222,222.
Rose bengal (4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-2',4',5',7'-tetraiodofluorescein) is a stain. Rose bengal belongs to the class of organic compounds called xanthenes. [1] Its sodium salt is commonly used in eye drops to stain damaged conjunctival and corneal cells and thereby identify damage to the eye.
Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) is a derivative of fluorescein used in wide-ranging applications [1] [2] including flow cytometry. First described in 1942, [ 3 ] FITC is the original fluorescein molecule functionalized with an isothiocyanate reactive group (−N=C=S), replacing a hydrogen atom on the bottom ring of the structure.