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In typical cases, scorpion stings usually result in pain, paresthesia, and variable swelling. In serious cases, scorpion stings may involve the envenomation of humans by toxic scorpions, which may result in extreme pain, serious illness, or even death depending on the toxicity of the venom. [1] [2] [3]
The deathstalker is one of the most dangerous species of scorpions. [10] [11] Its venom is a powerful mixture of neurotoxins, with a low lethal dose. [12]While a sting from this scorpion is extraordinarily painful, it normally would not kill a healthy adult human.
Of more than a thousand known species of scorpion, only a few dozen have venom that is dangerous to humans, [6] most notably the bark scorpions, including: Centruroides spp. Deathstalker (Leiurus quinquestriatus) Central and South American Tityus, include the Brazilian yellow scorpion. Androctonus spp. Parabuthus spp. Hottentotta spp.
The Arizona bark scorpion is the most venomous scorpion in North America, and its venom can cause severe pain (coupled with numbness, tingling, and vomiting) in adult humans, typically lasting between 24 and 72 hours. [4] Temporary dysfunction in the area stung is common; e.g. a hand or possibly arm can be immobilized or experience convulsions.
Scorpions are distributed among six families. Only those of the family Buthidae are dangerous to humans. Within this family, the subfamily Tityinae cause the most scorpion poisoning in humans. [1] These species are found in Brazil (Tityus serrulatus, T. bahiensis and T. stigmurus) and in Northern and Southern Venezuela (T. discrepans). [2]
Scorpions are found on all continents except Antarctica. The diversity of scorpions is greatest in subtropical areas; it decreases toward the poles and equator, though scorpions are found in the tropics. Scorpions did not occur naturally in Great Britain but were accidentally introduced by humans, and have now established a population.
In Central America, most scorpion stings are mildly toxic to humans, however, Panama has reported an incidence of 52 cases per 100,000 people in 2007. Between 1998 and 2006, 28 people have died as result of scorpion stings. In Panama, the taxa of scorpions responsible for these deaths belong to the genus Tityus.
Deadliest animals as of 2016 [1]. This is a list of the deadliest animals to humans worldwide, measured by the number of humans killed per year. Different lists have varying criteria and definitions, so lists from different sources disagree and can be contentious.