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The Black Hills, the United States' oldest mountain range, [11] is 125 miles (201 km) long and 65 miles (105 km) wide stretching across South Dakota and Wyoming. [12] The Black Hills derived its name from the black image that is produced by the "thick forest of pine and spruce trees" that covers the hills and was given the name by the Native Americans belonging to the Lakota (Sioux). [13]
The Great Sioux War of 1876, also known as the Black Hills War, was a series of battles and negotiations that occurred in 1876 and 1877 in an alliance of Lakota Sioux and Northern Cheyenne against the United States. The cause of the war was the desire of the US government to obtain ownership of the Black Hills.
The Black Hills Expedition was a United States Army expedition in 1874 led by Lieutenant Colonel George Armstrong Custer that set out on July 2, 1874, from Fort Abraham Lincoln, Dakota Territory, which is south of modern day Mandan, North Dakota, with orders to travel to the previously uncharted Black Hills of South Dakota.
"The Report of Captain John Mix of a Scout to the Black Hills, March-April 1875" (PDF). South Dakota History. 7 (4). South Dakota State Historical Society: 385– 401 "Gordon Stockade". The Wi-Iyohi. 15 (11). South Dakota State Historical Society: 1– 8. February 1, 1962 – via South Dakota Digital Archives.
Conflicts continued. Within two years, settlers' encroachment on Lakota land sparked Red Cloud's War; the US desire for control of the Black Hills in South Dakota prompted the government to authorize an offensive in 1876 in the Black Hills War. By 1881, the majority of the Sioux had surrendered to American military forces.
The Black Hills is an isolated mountain range rising from the Great Plains of North America in western South Dakota and extending into Wyoming, United States. [3] Black Elk Peak, which rises to 7,242 feet (2,207 m), is the range's highest summit. [4]
Seth Bullock (July 23, 1849 – September 23, 1919) was a Canadian-American frontiersman, business proprietor, politician, sheriff, and U.S. Marshal.He was a prominent citizen in Deadwood, South Dakota, where he lived from 1876 until his death, operating a hardware store and later a large hotel, the Bullock Hotel.
The fire started on July 10, 1939, [4] about 7 miles (11 km) northwest of Hill City, South Dakota. [2] The cause was later determined to have been a lightning strike. Two post cutters working nearby noticed the fire and attempted to put it out but failed and fled to avoid the growing fire; they were initially suspected of arson but were later cleared.