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The term sister group is used in phylogenetic analysis, however, only groups identified in the analysis are labeled as "sister groups".. An example is birds, whose commonly cited living sister group is the crocodiles, but that is true only when discussing extant organisms; [3] [4] when other, extinct groups are considered, the relationship between birds and crocodiles appears distant.
Taxonomic databases digitize scientific biodiversity data and provide access to taxonomic data for research. [1] Taxonomic databases vary in breadth of the groups of taxa and geographical space they seek to include, for example: beetles in a defined region, mammals globally, or all described taxa in the tree of life. [2]
Parareptilia ("near-reptiles") is an extinct clade of basal sauropsids/reptiles, typically considered the sister taxon to Eureptilia (the group that likely contains all living reptiles and birds). Parareptiles first arose near the end of the Carboniferous period and achieved their highest diversity during the Permian period .
A simple cladogram showing the evolutionary relationships between four species: A, B, C, and D. Here, Species A is the outgroup, and Species B, C, and D form the ingroup. In cladistics or phylogenetics, an outgroup [1] is a more distantly related group of organisms that serves as a reference group when determining the evolutionary relationships of the ingroup, the set of organisms under study ...
Furthermore, one study by Wills places them as a sister branch to the Cephalocarida and basal to a Maxillopoda + Eumalacostraca clade and therefore making the Malacostraca paraphyletic. [10] The Eumalacostraca — the malacostraca minus the phyllocarida — were subdivided on the basis of several features, although which group is basal is unclear.
Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional method, by which taxon names are defined by a type, which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. [1]
A taxon identifier works in much the same way that a barcode is used to retrieve data about an item of interest. When used on Wikipedia, taxon identifiers can be found near the bottom of Wikipedia pages, linking to records on taxonomic databases. In many cases, each taxon name in a taxonomic database has a unique identifier, although this is ...
A new taxon is created for each of the other clades. [1] For the each new taxon, the curators try to find a proposed name in literature for it. If there is no name proposed, the taxon is given a placeholder name by adding a suffix to the original name, e.g. Lactobacillus gasseri_A. After "Z" comes "AA". [1]