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According to Catholicism, a venial sin is a lesser sin that does not result in a complete separation from God and eternal damnation in Hell as an unrepented mortal sin would. [1] [2] [3] A venial sin consists in acting as one should not, without the actual incompatibility with the state of grace that a mortal sin implies; they do not break one's friendship with God, but injure it.
In AD 385, Pacian of Barcelona, in his Sermon Exhorting to Penance, [a] gives contempt of God, murder, and fornication as examples of "mortal" or "capital sins". [11] In AD 393, St. Jerome writes: [11] [12] There are venial sins and there are mortal sins. It is one thing to owe ten thousand talents, another to owe but a farthing.
Sin is made venial in two ways: The sin is not seriously wrong. The sin is seriously wrong, but the sinner honestly believes that it is only slightly wrong, or does not give full consent. A venial sin weakens our power to resist mortal sin, and a venial sin makes us deserving of God’s punishments in this life or in purgatory.
Hieronymus Bosch's The Seven Deadly Sins and the Four Last Things. Catholic hamartiology is a branch of Catholic thought that studies sin.According to the Catholic Church, sin is an "utterance, deed, or desire," [1] caused by concupiscence, [2] that offends God, reason, truth, and conscience. [3]
Both mortal and venial sins have a dual nature of punishment. They incur both guilt for the sin, yielding eternal punishment in the case of mortal sins and temporal punishment for the sin in the case of both venial and mortal sins. Reconciliation is an act of God's mercy, and addresses the guilt and eternal punishment for sin.
Venial sin, while not depriving the sinner of friendship with God or the eternal happiness of heaven, [43] "weakens charity, manifests a disordered affection for created goods, and impedes the soul's progress in the exercise of the virtues and the practice of the moral good; it merits temporal punishment", [43] for "every sin, even venial ...
All mortal sins must be confessed, while confession of venial sins also is recommended but not required. The priest may emphasize repentance and offer counsel, and always proposes a penance which the penitent accepts and then recites an act of contrition.
The church also says that dying in the state of perfection (being without sin and punishment) leads to heaven, [150] while dying in the state of either original sin (which is not a sin but the lack of sanctifying grace) or repentant sin (whether mortal or venial sin) lead to purgatory [151] - unless the unbaptized sinful soul receives baptism ...