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Heraclitus painted as the weeping philosopher by Johannes Moreelse c. 1630. French rationalist philosopher René Descartes read Montaigne and wrote in The Passions of the Soul that indignation can be joined by pity or derision, "So the laughter of Democritus and the tears of Heraclitus could have come from the same cause". [205] [206]
Democritus (/ d ɪ ˈ m ɒ k r ɪ t ə s /, dim-OCK-rit-əs; Greek: Δημόκριτος, Dēmókritos, meaning "chosen of the people"; c. 460 – c. 370 BC) was an Ancient Greek pre-Socratic philosopher from Abdera, primarily remembered today for his formulation of an atomic theory of the universe. [2] Democritus wrote extensively on a wide ...
Heraclitus of Ephesus (c. 535 – c. 475 BC). Of the Ionians. Emphasized the mutability of the universe. Epicharmus of Kos (c. 530 – 450 BC). Comic playwright and moralist. Parmenides of Elea (c. 515 – 450 BC). Of the Eleatics. Reflected on the concept of Being. Anaxagoras of Clazomenae (c. 500 – 428 BC). Of the Ionians.
The work of Democritus survives only in secondhand reports, some of which are unreliable or conflicting. Much of the best evidence of Democritus' theory of atomism is reported by Aristotle (384–322 BCE) in his discussions of Democritus' and Plato's contrasting views on the types of indivisibles composing the natural world. [16]
Epicurus studied in Athens with Nausiphanes, who was a follower of Democritus and a student of Pyrrho of Elis. [72] He accepted Democritus' theory of atomism, with improvements made in response to criticisms by Aristotle and others. [73] His ethics were based on "the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain". [74]
Leucippus and Democritus described the soul as an arrangement of spherical atoms, which are cycled through the body through respiration and create thought and sensory input. The only records of Leucippus come from Aristotle and Theophrastus, ancient philosophers who lived after him, and little is known of his life. Most scholars agree that ...
Pre-Socratic philosophy, also known as Early Greek Philosophy, is ancient Greek philosophy before Socrates.Pre-Socratic philosophers were mostly interested in cosmology, the beginning and the substance of the universe, but the inquiries of these early philosophers spanned the workings of the natural world as well as human society, ethics, and religion.
Heraclitus (c. 535 BCE–c. 475 ... Parmenides argued that change does not exist, and Democritus argued that everything is composed of minuscule, ... Aristotle (384 ...