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Coronary artery ectasia is characterized by the enlargement of a coronary artery to 1.5 times or more than its normal diameter. [1] The disease is commonly asymptomatic and is normally discovered when performing tests for other conditions such as coronary artery disease, stable angina and other acute coronary syndromes.
Gross pathology of left ventricular hypertrophy. Left ventricle is at right in image, serially sectioned from apex to near base. There are several sets of criteria used to diagnose LVH via electrocardiography. [10] None of them are perfect, though by using multiple criteria sets, the sensitivity and specificity are increased.
The underlying commonality in these disease states is an increase in pressures that the ventricles experience. For example, in tetralogy of Fallot, the right ventricle is exposed to the high pressures of the left heart due to a defect in the septum; as a result the right ventricle undergoes hypertrophy to compensate for these increased pressures.
Coronary bypass surgery: to address coronary artery disease, which can lead to an enlarged heart. Left ventricular assist device: (LVAD): to help a weak heart pump, potentially while waiting for a heart transplant or as a long-term treatment for heart failure. Heart transplant: to provide a final option after other treatments fail. [15]
[8] [9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause. [5] [8] In many cases the cause remains unclear. [8] It is a type of cardiomyopathy, a group of diseases that primarily affects the heart muscle. [3] The diagnosis may be supported by an electrocardiogram, chest X-ray, or echocardiogram. [9]
Mild left atrial enlargement: the test will help to determine if the left atrium is enlarged due to alternate blood flows; Right ventricular enlargement: the test will help to determine if the ventricle is enlarged due to a surge of blood above normal or if the ventricle is having to work harder than normal to pump blood out of the ventricle.
A ventricular outflow tract obstruction means there is a limitation in the blood flow out of either the right or left ventricles of the heart, depending on where the obstruction is. This can lead to cardiac hypertrophy , dilatation of the heart, and ultimately heart failure in some cases. [ 1 ]
An ECG may show left ventricular hypertrophy and signs of left heart strain. [31] Left axis deviation can be a sign of advanced disease. [31] An echocardiogram can be helpful in determining the root cause of the disease, as it will clearly show aortic root dilation or dissection if it exists. [31]
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