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Many of these municipalities were established or populated by freed slaves [2] either during or after the period of legal slavery in the United States in the 19th century. [ 3 ]
In the United States, a freedmen's town was an African American municipality or community built by freedmen, formerly enslaved people who were emancipated during and after the American Civil War. These towns emerged in a number of states, most notably Texas. [1] They are also known as freedom colonies, from the title of a book by Sitton and ...
The Great Migration was the movement of more than one million African Americans out of rural Southern United States from 1914 to 1940. Most African Americans who participated in the migration moved to large industrial cities such as New York City, Chicago, Philadelphia, Detroit, Cincinnati, Cleveland, St. Louis, Kansas City, Missouri, Boston, Baltimore, Pittsburgh, Los Angeles, Washington, D.C ...
In Freedom Colonies, a 2005 book about the freedmen's towns of Texas, Thad Sitton and James H. Conrad described two rather different kinds of communities. One sort resembled the antebellum ...
Black Towns and Profit: Promotion and Development in the Trans-Appalachian West, 1877–1915. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991. Hamilton, Kenneth Marvin. "The Origins and Early Promotion of Nicodemus: A Pre-Exodus, All-Black Town." Kansas History 5 (winter 1982): 220–242. Promised Land on the Solomon: Black Settlement at Nicodemus ...
Plenty of the "Old West" towns across the U.S. are more than happy to embrace their history and help visitors travel back in time to the 1800s, cowboy hat in hand.
The nadir of American race relations was the period in African-American history and the history of the United States from the end of Reconstruction in 1877 through the early 20th century, when racism in the country, and particularly anti-black racism, was more open and pronounced than it had ever been during any other period in the nation's history.
At one point, Oklahoma was home to the most all-Black towns in America, with more than 50 in the state in the early part of the 20th century. Revival to examine the past and reimagine the future ...