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Cachexia (/ k ə ˈ k ɛ k s i ə / [1]) is a syndrome that happens when people have certain illnesses, causing muscle loss that cannot be fully reversed with improved nutrition. [2] It is most common in diseases like cancer, congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic kidney disease, and AIDS.
Cachexia can occur in most major diseases including infections, cancer, heart disease, chronic kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and stroke. [51] Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and respiration. Muscle wasting is related to poor quality of life and increased morbidity ...
Identification and research on potential therapeutic approaches and timing of interventions is also needed. [57] As of 2020, there are no drugs approved to treat muscle wasting in people with chronic diseases, and there is therefore an unmet need for anabolic drugs with few side effects. One aspect hindering drug approval for treatments for ...
Malnutrition first causes fat loss but may progress to muscle atrophy in prolonged starvation and can be reversed with nutritional therapy. In contrast, cachexia is a wasting syndrome caused by an underlying disease such as cancer that causes dramatic muscle atrophy and cannot be completely reversed with nutritional therapy.
Conditions that cause inflammation, such as cancer, can elevate TNF levels, which contributes to muscle wasting. TNF contributes to muscle wasting by activating the NF-κB pathway, which activates the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway to degrade protein, and by inhibiting the activation of satellite cells, which are responsible for protein ...
The phase 2 study of LGD-4033 for muscle wasting was finally initiated in November 2016 [41] and was completed with results reported in 2017 and 2018. [14] [10] [8] As of March 2023, LGD-4033 (VK5211) continues to be under development by Viking Therapeutics and continues to be in phase 2 clinical trials for treatment of muscle atrophy and hip ...