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The observed response to selection leads to an estimate of the narrow-sense heritability (called realized heritability). This is the principle underlying artificial selection or breeding. Example
Ronald Fisher in 1913. Genetic variance is a concept outlined by the English biologist and statistician Ronald Fisher in his fundamental theorem of natural selection.In his 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection, Fisher postulates that the rate of change of biological fitness can be calculated by the genetic variance of the fitness itself. [1]
Estimation in biology/animal breeding using standard ANOVA/REML methods of variance components such as heritability, shared-environment, maternal effects etc. typically requires individuals of known relatedness such as parent/child; this is often unavailable or the pedigree data unreliable, leading to inability to apply the methods or requiring strict laboratory control of all breeding (which ...
Narrow sense Heritability (h 2 or H N) focuses specifically on the ratio of additive variance (V A) to total phenotypic variance (V P), or: h 2 = V A / V P.. In the study of Heritability, Additive genetic effects are of particular interest in the fields of Conservation, and Artificial selection.
Narrow-sense heritability has been used also for predicting generally the results of artificial selection. In the latter case, however, the broadsense heritability may be more appropriate, as the whole attribute is being altered: not just adaptive capacity. Generally, advance from selection is more rapid the higher the heritability.
The theorem was first formulated in Fisher's 1930 book The Genetical Theory of Natural Selection. [4] Fisher likened it to the law of entropy in physics, stating that "It is not a little instructive that so similar a law should hold the supreme position among the biological sciences".
[13] [14] Heritability may also occur at even larger scales. For example, ecological inheritance through the process of niche construction is defined by the regular and repeated activities of organisms in their environment. This generates a legacy of effect that modifies and feeds back into the selection regime of subsequent generations.
(Using a Plomin example, [38] for two traits with heritabilities of 0.60 & 0.23, =, and phenotypic correlation of r=0.45 the bivariate heritability would be =, so of the observed phenotypic correlation, 0.28/0.45 = 62% of it is due to correlative genetic effects, which is to say nothing of trait mutability in and of itself.)