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Job strain is a form of psychosocial stress that occurs in the workplace. One of the most common forms of stress, it is characterized by a combination of low salaries, high demands, and low levels of control over things such as raises and paid time off. [ 1 ]
The view that burnout is a form of depression has found support. [101] [117] [121] [118] Some authors have recommended that the nosological concept of burnout be revised or even abandoned entirely given that it is not a distinct disorder and that there is little agreement on burnout's diagnostic criteria. [122]
According to the JD-R model, job resources may buffer the effect of job demands on job strain, including burnout. [4] Which specific job resources buffer the effect of different job demands, depends on the particular work environment. Thus, different types of job demands and job resources may interact in predicting job strain.
The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is a psychological assessment instrument comprising 22 symptom items pertaining to occupational burnout. [1] The original form of the MBI was developed by Christina Maslach and Susan E. Jackson with the goal of assessing an individual's experience of burnout. [2]
Personal resources, such as status, social support, money, or shelter, may reduce or prevent an employee's emotional exhaustion. According to the Conservation of Resources theory (COR), people strive to obtain, retain and protect their personal resources, either instrumental (for example, money or shelter), social (such as social support or status), or psychological (for example, self-esteem ...
A summary of research conducted in Europe suggests that workplace incivility is common there. [2] In research on more than 1000 U.S. civil service workers, Cortina, Magley, Williams, and Langhout (2001) found that more than 70% of the sample experienced workplace incivility in the past five years. [2]
The first case of karoshi was reported in 1969 with the stroke-related death of a 29-year-old male worker in the shipping department of Japan's largest newspaper company. [6] [7]
"strain from participation in one role makes it difficult to fulfill requirements of another" (p. 76); "specific behaviors required by one role make it difficult to fulfill the requirements of another" (p. 76). Adopted from Lavassani & Movahedi (2014), Work–life interface [6] Conceptually, the conflict between work and family is bi-directional.