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Image the plate rotating, the parts that push the 'air' are the plate parts that are 'normal' temperature, the other sides are heated. At the heated sides the particles that interact will gain kinetic energy and push to plate to rotation. By reading the speed of this rotation the pressure can be determined.
The most common ion gauge is the hot-cathode Bayard–Alpert gauge, with a small collector inside the grid. [1] A glass envelope with an opening to the vacuum can surround the electrodes, but usually the nude gauge is inserted in the vacuum chamber directly, the pins being fed through a ceramic plate in the wall of the chamber. Hot-cathode ...
An insulation monitoring device monitors the ungrounded system between an active phase conductor and earth.It is intended to give an alert (light and sound) or disconnect the power supply when the resistance between the two conductors drops below a set value, usually 50 kΩ (sample of IEC standard for medical applications).
A glass electrode is a type of ion-selective electrode made of a doped glass membrane that is sensitive to a specific ion. The most common application of ion-selective glass electrodes is for the measurement of pH.
The measured time-dependent surface temperature of the gauge and its known thermal properties allow to recalculate the time-dependent heat flux from the heating environment onto the gauge which caused the temperature change of the gauge. This is accomplished by the theory of heat conduction into a semi-infinite body.
The gauges that Pirani was using in the production environment were some fifty McLeod gauges, each filled with 2 kg of mercury in glass tubes. [3] Pirani was aware of the gas thermal conductivity investigations of Kundt and Warburg [4] (1875) published thirty years earlier and the work of Marian Smoluchowski [5] (1898). In 1906 he described his ...
For the Doppler principle to work, there must be a high enough density of sonically reflective materials such as solid particles or air bubbles suspended in the fluid. This is in direct contrast to an ultrasonic transit time flowmeter, where bubbles and solid particles reduce the accuracy of the measurement.
A gauge theory is a type of theory in physics.The word gauge means a measurement, a thickness, an in-between distance (as in railroad tracks), or a resulting number of units per certain parameter (a number of loops in an inch of fabric or a number of lead balls in a pound of ammunition). [1]