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Bos (from Latin bōs: cow, ox, bull) is a genus of bovines, which includes, among others, wild and domestic cattle.. Bos is often divided into four subgenera: Bos, Bibos, Novibos, and Poephagus, but including these last three divisions within the genus Bos without including Bison is believed to be paraphyletic by many workers on the classification of the genus since the 1980s.
Cattle (Bos taurus) are large, domesticated, bovid ungulates widely kept as livestock. They are prominent modern members of the subfamily Bovinae and the most widespread species of the genus Bos . Mature female cattle are called cows and mature male cattle are bulls .
Both scientific names Bos taurus and Bos indicus were introduced by Carl Linnaeus in 1758, with the latter used to describe humped cattle in China. [3]The zebu was classified as a distinct species by Juliet Clutton-Brock in 1999, [8] but as a subspecies of the domestic cattle, Bos taurus indicus, by both Clutton-Brock and Colin Groves in 2004 [9] and by Peter Grubb in 2005. [10]
It is a hybrid descendant from crossing of wild gaur and domestic cattle, either Bos indicus or Bos taurus. [7] In 2020, Ranganathan Kamalakkannan et Al. found "phylogenetic analysis using complete mitochondrial genome sequences unambiguously suggested that gaur is the maternal ancestor of domestic mithun." [8] [9]
The banteng (Bos javanicus; / ˈ b æ n t ɛ ŋ /), also known as tembadau, [5] is a species of wild bovine found in Southeast Asia. The head-and-body length is between 1.9 and 3.68 m (6.2 and 12.1 ft). [6] Wild banteng are typically larger and heavier than their domesticated counterparts, but are otherwise similar in appearance.
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The breed is defined by The American Beefalo Association as being genetically at least five-eighths Bos taurus and at most three-eighths Bison bison. [ 4 ] In 2024, a genetic study, including historical samples from Basolo's foundational herd, found that the majority of "Beefalo" cattle who were genomically sequenced (39 out of 47 sampled ...