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The table below shows some of the parameters of common superconductors.X:Y means material X doped with element Y, T C is the highest reported transition temperature in kelvins and H C is a critical magnetic field in tesla.
Calculated magnetization curve for a superconducting slab, based on Bean's model. The superconducting slab is initially at H = 0. Increasing H to critical field H* causes the blue curve; dropping H back to 0 and reversing direction to increase it to -H* causes the green curve; dropping H back to 0 again and increase H to H* causes the orange curve.
Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material.
The Meissner superconductivity effect serves as an important paradigm for the generation mechanism of a mass M (i.e., a reciprocal range, := / where h is the Planck constant and c is the speed of light) for a gauge field.
Based on Landau's previously established theory of second-order phase transitions, Ginzburg and Landau argued that the free energy density of a superconductor near the superconducting transition can be expressed in terms of a complex order parameter field () = | | (), where the quantity | | is a measure of the local density of superconducting electrons () analogous to a quantum mechanical wave ...
In collaboration with Theodore H. Geballe, Matthias broke the record in 1954, with the discovery of superconductivity in niobium–tin (Nb 3 Sn) which had the highest known transition temperature of about 18 K. [6] [5] Later Matthias would try to come up with general empirical properties to find superconducting alloys. In the same year he ...
There are two London equations when expressed in terms of measurable fields: =, =. Here is the (superconducting) current density, E and B are respectively the electric and magnetic fields within the superconductor, is the charge of an electron or proton, is electron mass, and is a phenomenological constant loosely associated with a number density of superconducting carriers.
The flux quantum plays a very important role in superconductivity. The earth magnetic field is very small (about 50 μT), but it generates one flux quantum in an area of 6 μm by 6 μm. So, the flux quantum is very small. Yet it was measured to an accuracy of 9 digits as shown in Eq. . Nowadays the value given by Eq.