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The Creek War (also the Red Stick War or the Creek Civil War) was a regional conflict between opposing Native American factions, European powers, and the United States during the early 19th century. The Creek War began as a conflict within the tribes of the Muscogee, but the United States quickly became involved. British traders and Spanish ...
Because many Muscogee Creek people did support the Confederacy during the Civil War, the US government required a new treaty with the nation in 1866 to define peace after the war. It required the Creek to emancipate their slaves and to admit them as full members and citizens of the Creek Nation, equal to the Creek in receiving annuities and ...
The Muscogee struggled with internal tensions after the American Revolutionary War and during the War of 1812, as debates surfaced over the increasing adoption of European-American culture. The Lower Towns, which comprised the majority of the population, were adopting some elements of European-American culture and lived more closely in relation ...
Each town had a civil chief (Muscogee micco) and a war chief (Muscogee tvstvnvke). The council had a white side and a red side. The white side of the council consisted of the chief, his assistant (Muscogee heniha), and the "second men" (Muscogee henihalgi), one of whom was the chief's speaker (Muscogee yatika). Members of the white side were ...
William Augustus Bowles (1763-1805) was also known as Estajoca, his Muscogee name. The State of Muskogee was a proclaimed sovereign nation located in Florida, founded in 1799 and led by William Augustus Bowles, a Loyalist veteran of the American Revolutionary War who lived among the Muscogee, and envisioned uniting the Native Americans of the Southeast into a single nation that could resist ...
Isparhecher (c. 1829 - December 22, 1902, Muscogee), sometimes spelled "Isparhecker," and also known as Is-pa-he-che and Spa-he-cha, was known as a political leader of the opposition in the Creek Nation (now known by their autonym Muscogee) in the post-Civil War era.
The United States granted the Muscogee the right to punish non-indigenous trespassers in their territory but refused to allow them to punish non-indigenous people who committed crimes on Creek lands. The Muscogee agreed to turn over to U.S. courts any member of their tribe who was accused of crimes.
Under the terms of the treaty, the Muscogee ceded their territory east of the Flint River, some 4,000,000 acres (16,187 km2) to Georgia. In exchange, the United States government agreed to pay the Muscogee some $200,000 over fourteen years, including a first installment of $50,000, and to pay Georgian citizens' claims against them. [ 1 ]