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Multi-objective optimization or Pareto optimization (also known as multi-objective programming, vector optimization, multicriteria optimization, or multiattribute optimization) is an area of multiple-criteria decision making that is concerned with mathematical optimization problems involving more than one objective function to be optimized simultaneously.
The definitions can be generalized to functions and even to sets of functions. Given a function f with domain D and a preordered set (K, ≤) as codomain, an element y of K is an upper bound of f if y ≥ f (x) for each x in D. The upper bound is called sharp if equality holds for at least one value of x. It indicates that the constraint is ...
In decision theory, the weighted sum model (WSM), [1] [2] also called weighted linear combination (WLC) [3] or simple additive weighting (SAW), [4] is the best known and simplest multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) / multi-criteria decision making method for evaluating a number of alternatives in terms of a number of decision criteria.
For a fixed length n, the Hamming distance is a metric on the set of the words of length n (also known as a Hamming space), as it fulfills the conditions of non-negativity, symmetry, the Hamming distance of two words is 0 if and only if the two words are identical, and it satisfies the triangle inequality as well: [2] Indeed, if we fix three words a, b and c, then whenever there is a ...
i = p i, so they are all 0 or 1. If R(x) = r n−1 x n−1 + ⋯ + r 1 x + r 0 is any nonzero polynomial modulo 2 with at most t nonzero coefficients, then R(x) is not a multiple of P(x) modulo 2. [Notes 4] If follows that the corresponding hash function will map keys with fewer than t bits in common to unique indices. [3]: 542–543
The image of a function f(x 1, x 2, …, x n) is the set of all values of f when the n-tuple (x 1, x 2, …, x n) runs in the whole domain of f. For a continuous (see below for a definition) real-valued function which has a connected domain, the image is either an interval or a single value. In the latter case, the function is a constant function.
A simple and inefficient way to see where one string occurs inside another is to check at each index, one by one. First, we see if there is a copy of the needle starting at the first character of the haystack; if not, we look to see if there's a copy of the needle starting at the second character of the haystack, and so forth.
We can treat arctan as a single-valued function by restricting the domain of tan x to − π /2 < x < π /2 – a domain over which tan x is monotonically increasing. Thus, the range of arctan(x) becomes − π /2 < y < π /2. These values from a restricted domain are called principal values. The antiderivative can be considered as a ...