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Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) refers to the transfer of genes between distant branches on the tree of life. In evolution , it can scramble the information needed to reconstruct the phylogeny of organisms , how they are related to one another.
Horizontal or lateral gene transfer (HGT or LGT) is the transmission of portions of genomic DNA between organisms through a process decoupled from vertical inheritance. In the presence of HGT events, different fragments of the genome are the result of different evolutionary histories. This can therefore complicate investigations of the ...
Horizontal gene transfer is a potential confounding factor in inferring phylogenetic trees based on the sequence of one gene. [163] For example, given two distantly related bacteria that have exchanged a gene a phylogenetic tree including those species will show them to be closely related because that gene is the same even though most other ...
The phrase horizontal evolution is used in evolutionary biology to refer to: . Concerted evolution, whereby individual members of a DNA family within one species are more closely related to each other than to members of the same type of DNA family in other species; [1]
Transformation is one of three processes that lead to horizontal gene transfer, in which exogenous genetic material passes from one bacterium to another, the other two being conjugation (transfer of genetic material between two bacterial cells in direct contact) and transduction (injection of foreign DNA by a bacteriophage virus into the host ...
An example is the viral transfer of DNA from one bacterium to another and hence an example of horizontal gene transfer. [2] [3] [page needed] Transduction does not require physical contact between the cell donating the DNA and the cell receiving the DNA (which occurs in conjugation), and it is DNase resistant (transformation is susceptible to ...
Today's spangram is horizontal (left to right). Related: The 26 Funniest NYT Connections Game Memes You'll Appreciate if You Do This Daily Word Puzzle. What Are Today’s NYT Strands Hints?
Also called functionalism. The Darwinian view that many or most physiological and behavioral traits of organisms are adaptations that have evolved for specific functions or for specific reasons (as opposed to being byproducts of the evolution of other traits, consequences of biological constraints, or the result of random variation). adaptive radiation The simultaneous or near-simultaneous ...