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In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane. Tonicity depends on the relative concentration of selective membrane-impermeable solutes across a cell membrane which determine the direction and extent of osmotic flux.
Isotonicity is the presence of a solution that produces no change in cell volume. When a biological cell is in a hypotonic environment, the cell interior accumulates water, water flows across the cell membrane into the cell, causing it to expand.
The term isotonic may refer to: . Isotonic (exercise physiology), a type of muscle contraction Isotonic regression, a type of numerical analysis; Isotonic, one of three types of tonicity that characterize a solution's concentration; see Tonicity#Isotonicity
Pharmacy informatics is the combination of pharmacy practice science and applied information science. [31] Pharmacy informaticists work in many practice areas of pharmacy, however, they may also work in information technology departments or for healthcare information technology vendor companies. As a practice area and specialist domain ...
Pharmaceutical bioinformatics is a research field related to bioinformatics but with the focus on studying biological and chemical processes in the pharmaceutical area; to understand how xenobiotics interact with the human body and the drug discovery process.
Pharmacology, a biomedical science, deals with the research, discovery, and characterization of chemicals which show biological effects and the elucidation of cellular and organismal function in relation to these chemicals. In contrast, pharmacy, a health services profession, is concerned with the application of the principles learned from ...
Isotonic regression has applications in statistical inference.For example, one might use it to fit an isotonic curve to the means of some set of experimental results when an increase in those means according to some particular ordering is expected.
The plateau principle is a mathematical model or scientific law originally developed to explain the time course of drug action (pharmacokinetics). [1] The principle has wide applicability in pharmacology, physiology, nutrition, biochemistry, and system dynamics.