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Dihydropyridine (DHP) calcium channel blockers are derived from the molecule dihydropyridine and often used to reduce systemic vascular resistance and arterial pressure. Sometimes when they are used to treat angina , the vasodilation and hypotension can lead to reflex tachycardia , which can be detrimental for patients with ischemic symptoms ...
ATC code C08 Calcium channel blockers is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products. [1] [2] [3] Subgroup C08 is part of the anatomical group C Cardiovascular system ...
Class IV agents are slow non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers. They decrease conduction through the AV node, and shorten phase two (the plateau) of the cardiac action potential. They thus reduce the contractility of the heart, so may be inappropriate in heart failure.
It is in the non–dihydropyridine calcium channel blocker family of medications. [9] Verapamil was approved for medical use in the United States in 1981. [9] [13] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [14] Verapamil is available as a generic medication. [9] Long acting formulations exist. [12]
Diltiazem, sold under the brand name Cardizem among others, is a nondihydropyridine calcium channel blocker medication used to treat high blood pressure, angina, and certain heart arrhythmias. [9] It may also be used in hyperthyroidism if beta blockers cannot be used. [9] It is taken by mouth or given by injection into a vein. [9]
Compared with certain other L-type calcium channel blockers (for example those of the phenylalkylamine class such as verapamil) that have significant action at the heart, the dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers lower blood pressure mainly by relaxing the smooth muscle of the blood vessel walls. [3]
It is a long-acting calcium channel blocker of the dihydropyridine type. [10] Amlodipine was patented in 1982, and approved for medical use in 1990. [12] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [13] It is available as a generic medication.
An L-type calcium channel with its subunits labeled along with some drugs known to inhibit the channel. The L-type calcium channel (also known as the dihydropyridine channel, or DHP channel) is part of the high-voltage activated family of voltage-dependent calcium channel. [2] "L" stands for long-lasting referring to the length of activation.