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Mataram–Srivijayan wars, also called as Pralaya (lit. 'Destruction') in Javanese inscription of Pucangan, were a military engagements between two rival kingdoms of the Srivijaya of Shailendra and Mataram kingdom of Ishana, intermittently from c. 937 when the Srivijayan forces attempted to approach the Mataram capital, until 1016 when the kingdom of Mataram was collapsed due to a rebellion ...
By launching a series of conquests and raids on potential rival ports on both sides of the strait, Srivijaya ensured its economic and military domination in the region, which lasted about 700 years. Srivijaya gained great benefits from the lucrative spice trade, e.g. the tributary trade system with China, and trade with Indian and Arab merchants.
Srivijaya (Indonesian: Sriwijaya), [2]: 131 also spelled Sri Vijaya, [3] [4] was a Hindu-Buddhist thalassocratic [5] empire based on the island of Sumatra (in modern-day Indonesia) that influenced much of Southeast Asia. [6] Srivijaya was an important centre for the expansion of Buddhism from the 7th to 11th century AD.
The relation between Srivijaya and the Chola dynasty of Tamilakam was initially friendly during the reign of Rajaraja I. In 1006 CE a Srivijayan Maharaja from Sailendra dynasty, king Maravijayattungavarman, constructed the Chudamani Vihara in the port town of Nagapattinam. [10]
The Chinese source, Chu-fan-chi, written c. 1200 by Chou Ju-kua, mentioned that in the early 13th century, Srivijaya still ruled Sumatra, the Malay peninsula, and western Java . The source identifies the port of Sunda as strategic and thriving, pepper from Sunda being among the best in quality.
In exchange for regular tribute, the Chinese emperor offered Melaka protection from the constant threat of a Siamese attack. Because of its strategic location, Malacca was an important stopping point for Zheng He's fleet. [87] Due to Chinese involvement, Malacca had grown as a key alternative to other important and established ports.
Chola nobles were accepted in the Srivijaya court, and in 1067, a Chola prince named Divakara or Devakala was sent as a Srivijayan ambassador to the Imperial Court of China. The prince, who was the nephew of Rajendra Chola, was enthroned in 1070 as Kulothunga Chola I. During the Kedah rebellion, Srivijaya asked the Cholas for help.
In 1025 CE, the Chola Emperor Rajendra I launched naval raids on Srivijaya in maritime Southeast Asia, leading to the fall of the Sailendra Dynasty of Srivijaya. [2]Rajendra's overseas expedition against Srivijaya was a unique event in India's history and its otherwise peaceful relations with the states of Southeast Asia.