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[2] [13] The CO 2 produced for the manufacture of structural concrete (using ~14% cement) is estimated at 410 kg/m 3 (~180 kg/tonne @ density of 2.3 g/cm 3) (reduced to 290 kg/m 3 with 30% fly ash replacement of cement). [14] The CO 2 emission from the concrete production is directly proportional to the cement content used in the concrete mix ...
The environmental impact of 3D-printed concrete is heavily dependent on the processes and materials used for a given project. 3D printed concrete has the potential to reduce material in the production of concrete due to the elimination of formwork, but the specialized admixtures and required technology may have just as much of an impact on the ...
Eco-Cement is a brand-name for a type of cement which incorporates reactive magnesia (sometimes called caustic calcined magnesia or magnesium oxide, MgO), another hydraulic cement such as Portland cement, and optionally pozzolans and industrial by-products, to reduce the environmental impact relative to conventional cement.
Recovering concrete reduces resource exploitation and associated transport costs, and reduces landfill. However, it has little impact on reducing greenhouse gas emissions as most emissions occur when cement is made. At present, most recovered concrete is used for road sub-base and civil engineering projects. [10]
In 2013, 70.8 percent of portland cement was sold as ready-mix concrete, such as is delivered in cement-mixer trucks. 11.5 percent was sold dry to contractors and construction materials stores; 11.3 percent was sold to manufacturers of concrete products; 4.6 percent was sold for oil and gas wells, and 1.8 percent was sold to government agencies ...
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The second challenge is the discrepancies of different regions (e.g., topography, land use, local operational decisions) over Texas, which can impact the renewable power generation and capacity. [46] In Texas, the total generation of these two energy production is expected to grow around 2040 to 2050 compared to the period from 1995 to 2005. [46]
Portland cement manufacture can cause environmental impacts at all stages of the process. These include emissions of airborne pollution in the form of dust; gases; noise and vibration when operating machinery and during blasting in quarries; consumption of large quantities of fuel during manufacture; release of CO