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The term gain alone is ambiguous, and can refer to the ratio of output to input voltage (voltage gain), current (current gain) or electric power (power gain). [4] In the field of audio and general purpose amplifiers, especially operational amplifiers , the term usually refers to voltage gain, [ 2 ] but in radio frequency amplifiers it usually ...
In most amplifiers a reduction in gain takes place before hard clipping occurs; the result is a compression effect, which (if the amplifier is an audio amplifier) sounds much less unpleasant to the ear. For these amplifiers, the 1 dB compression point is defined as the input power (or output power) where the gain is 1 dB less than the small ...
In electronics the amplification factor, or gain, is the ratio of the output to the input of an amplifier, sometimes represented by the symbol A F. In numerical analysis the amplification factor is a number derived using Von Neumann stability analysis to determine stability of a numerical scheme for a partial differential equation.
For transistors, the current-gain–bandwidth product is known as the f T or transition frequency. [4] [5] It is calculated from the low-frequency (a few kilohertz) current gain under specified test conditions, and the cutoff frequency at which the current gain drops by 3 decibels (70% amplitude); the product of these two values can be thought of as the frequency at which the current gain ...
The input signal is applied to the amplifier with open-loop gain A and amplified. The output of the amplifier is applied to a feedback network with gain β, and subtracted from the input to the amplifier. The loop gain is calculated by imagining the feedback loop is broken at some point, and calculating the net gain if a signal is applied.
Bode plot illustrating phase margin. In electronic amplifiers, the phase margin (PM) is the difference between the phase lag φ (< 0) and -180°, for an amplifier's output signal (relative to its input) at zero dB gain - i.e. unity gain, or that the output signal has the same amplitude as the input.
The open-loop gain is a physical attribute of an operational amplifier that is often finite in comparison to the ideal gain. While open-loop gain is the gain when there is no feedback in a circuit, an operational amplifier will often be configured to use a feedback configuration such that its gain will be controlled by the feedback circuit components.
The overall gain of a multistage amplifier is the product of the gains of the individual stages (ignoring potential loading effects): Gain (A) = A 1 * A 2 *A 3 *A 4 *... *A n. Alternately, if the gain of each amplifier stage is expressed in decibels (dB), the total gain is the sum of the gains of the individual stages: Gain in dB (A) = A 1 + A ...