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Crouton (ChromiumOS Universal Chroot Environment) is a set of scripts which allows Ubuntu, Debian, and Kali Linux systems to run parallel to a ChromeOS system. [1] Crouton works by using a chroot instead of dual-booting to allow a user to run desktop environments at the same time: ChromeOS and another environment of the user's choice.
With the introduction of VNET(virtual network stack), the jails are free to modify their Network Configuration (including interfaces, IP addresses, etc.), provided the vnet is enabled for the jail. Mounting and unmounting filesystems is prohibited. Jails cannot access files above their root directory (i.e. a jail is chroot'ed).
A program that is run in such a modified environment cannot name (and therefore normally cannot access) files outside the designated directory tree. The term "chroot" may refer to the chroot(2) system call or the chroot(8) wrapper program. The modified environment is called a chroot jail. Chroot: from Gentoo to Ubuntu
The restricted shell is a Unix shell that restricts some of the capabilities available to an interactive user session, or to a shell script, running within it.It is intended to provide an additional layer of security, but is insufficient to allow execution of entirely untrusted software.
This can remove adware, get rid of extensions you didn't install, and improve overall performance. Restoring your browser's default settings will also reset your browser's security settings. A reset may delete other saved info like bookmarks, stored passwords, and your homepage.
The feature is controlled both by a compile-time option in the kernel configuration, CONFIG_MAGIC_SYSRQ, and a sysctl kernel parameter, kernel.sysrq. On newer kernels (since 2.6.12 [ 7 ] ), it is possible to have more fine-grained control over how the magic SysRq key can be used. [ 8 ]
The referenced "second chroot" link itself points out that a chroot jail is only insecure if the user running in the chroot jail is root. It specifically points out that proper usage is to run as non-root user in the chroot jail, and then the referenced exploit cannot be used.
For example, Das U-Boot may be split into two stages: the platform would load a small SPL (Secondary Program Loader), which is a stripped-down version of U-Boot, and the SPL would do some initial hardware configuration (e.g. DRAM initialization using CPU cache as RAM) and load the larger, fully featured version of U-Boot. [74]