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Beta blockers vary in their lipophilicity (fat solubility) and in turn in their ability to cross the blood–brain barrier and exert effects in the central nervous system. [76] Beta blockers with greater blood–brain barrier permeability can have both neuropsychiatric therapeutic benefits and side effects, as well as adverse cognitive effects ...
Bisoprolol, sold under the brand name Zebeta among others, is a beta blocker which is selective for the beta-1 receptor [7] and used for cardiovascular diseases, [7] including tachyarrhythmias, high blood pressure, angina, and heart failure. [7] [8] It is taken by mouth. [7]
Atenolol is a beta blocker medication primarily used to treat high blood pressure and heart-associated chest pain. [7] Although used to treat high blood pressure, it does not seem to improve mortality in those with the condition. [8] [9] Other uses include the prevention of migraines and treatment of certain irregular heart beats.
It is a beta blocker, specifically a selective β 1 receptor blocker, and is taken by mouth or is given intravenously. [4] Common side effects include trouble sleeping, feeling tired, feeling faint, and abdominal discomfort. [4] Large doses may cause serious toxicity. [5] [6] Risk in pregnancy has not been ruled out.
The combination of beta blockers and antihypertensive drugs will work on different mechanism to lower blood pressure. [17] For example, the co-administration of beta-1 blocker atenolol and ACE inhibitor lisinopril could produce a 50% larger reduction in blood pressure than using either drug alone. [18]
Four of the stereoisomers of nadolol. Nadolol is a non-selective beta blocker; that is, it non-selectively blocks both beta-1 and beta-2 receptors.It has a preference for beta-1 receptors, which are predominantly located in the heart, thereby inhibiting the effects of catecholamines and causing a decrease in heart rate and blood pressure.
Nebivolol is a beta blocker used to treat high blood pressure and heart failure. [5] As with other β-blockers, it is generally a less preferred treatment for high blood pressure. [6] It may be used by itself or with other blood pressure medication. [6] It is taken by mouth. [6] Common side effects include dizziness, feeling tired, nausea, and ...
Ivabradine is as effective as the beta blocker atenolol and comparable with amlodipine in the management of chronic stable angina, as demonstrated by improvements in total exercise duration in non-inferiority trials, hence it can be an alternative therapy for those who cannot tolerate conventional therapies.