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Arduino (/ ɑː r ˈ d w iː n oʊ /) is an Italian open-source hardware and software company, project, and user community that designs and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for building digital devices.
The word "uno" means "one" in Italian and was chosen to mark a major redesign of the Arduino hardware and software. [7] The Uno board was the successor of the Duemilanove release and was the 9th version in a series of USB-based Arduino boards. [8] Version 1.0 of the Arduino IDE for the Arduino Uno board has now evolved to newer releases. [4]
This uses the same ATmega328 as late-model Duemilanove, but whereas the Duemilanove used an FTDI chip for USB, the Uno uses an ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 before rev3) programmed as a serial converter. Arduino Mega2560 [30] ATmega2560 [31] 16 MHz Mega 101.6 mm × 53.3 mm [ 4 in × 2.1 in ] USB 8U2 [28] (Rev1&2)/ 16U2 [17] (Rev3) 5 V 256 4 8 FH 54 15 16
The ATmega1280 and ATmega2560, with more pinout and memory capabilities, have also been employed to develop the Arduino Mega platform. Arduino boards can be used with its language and IDE, or with more conventional programming environments (C, assembler, etc.) as just standardized and widely available AVR platforms.
The Arduino Nano is an open-source breadboard-friendly microcontroller board based on the Microchip ATmega328P microcontroller (MCU) and developed by Arduino.cc and initially released in 2008. It offers the same connectivity and specs of the Arduino Uno board in a smaller form factor.
Compilers and assemblers are used to convert both high-level and assembly language code into a compact machine code for storage in the microcontroller's memory. Depending on the device, the program memory may be permanent, read-only memory that can only be programmed at the factory, or it may be field-alterable flash or erasable read-only memory.
ATmega328 is commonly used in many projects and autonomous systems where a simple, low-powered, low-cost micro-controller is needed. Perhaps the most common implementation of this chip is on the popular Arduino development platform, namely the Arduino Uno, Arduino Pro Mini [4] and Arduino Nano models.
This uses the same ATmega328 as late-model Duemilanove, but whereas the Duemilanove used an FTDI chip for USB, the Uno uses an ATmega16U2 (ATmega8U2 before rev3) programmed as a serial converter. Arduino Mega2560 [24] Arduino Yes ATmega2560 [25] 16 MHz Mega 4 in × 2.1 in [ 101.6 mm × 53.3 mm ] USB 8U2 [22] (Rev1&2)/ 16U2 [11] (Rev3) 5 V 256 4 8