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Pinworm infection (threadworm infection in the UK), also known as enterobiasis, is a human parasitic disease caused by the pinworm, Enterobius vermicularis. [3] The most common symptom is pruritus ani, or itching in the anal area. [1]
These intestinal worms can cause a number of symptoms in people, principally skin symptoms, abdominal pain, diarrhea and weight loss, but also many other specific and vague symptoms in disseminated disease, and severe life-threatening conditions through hyperinfection.
Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is a parasitic infection of the nervous system caused by the larvae of the tapeworm Taenia solium, also known as the "pork tapeworm". The disease is primarily transmitted through direct contact with human feces, often through the consumption of food or water containing Taenia solium eggs.
The diagnosis can be made by aspiration of a cyst. [2] Taking pictures of the brain with computer tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is most useful for the diagnosis of disease in the brain. [2] An increased number of a type of white blood cell, called eosinophils, in the cerebral spinal fluid and blood is also an indicator. [2]
The most common symptoms are fever, intense headache, vomiting and neck stiffness and occasionally photophobia. [1] Other symptoms include confusion or altered consciousness, nausea, and an inability to tolerate light or loud noises. [1] Young children often exhibit only nonspecific symptoms, such as irritability, drowsiness, or poor feeding. [1]
However, disease caused by this parasite can be extremely dangerous, causing death or severe symptoms. Reported disease has primarily afflicted children and almost all cases were a result of the ingestion of contaminated soil or feces. [4] Even with treatment, prognosis is poor and patients in nearly all cases experience permanent neurological ...
[1] [2] [3] Moose (Alces alces), elk (Cervus canadensis), caribou (Rangifer tarandus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and others are also susceptible to the parasite, but are aberrant hosts and are infected in neurological instead of meningeal tissue. The frequency of infection in these species increases dramatically when their ranges overlap ...
Benznidazole and nifurtimox often cause side effects, including skin disorders, digestive system irritation, and neurological symptoms, which can result in treatment being discontinued. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] New drugs for Chagas disease are under development, [ 9 ] and while experimental vaccines have been studied in animal models, [ 10 ] [ 11 ] a human ...